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Vietnam – Later Le Dynasty (1533-1789)
Tong Nguyen – Rebel: 1620-1648
Bronze Tong Nguyen Tong Bao Cash Token 23mm, Struck 1620-1648
Chinese Symbols.
Tong in Seal.
You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
The Lê dynasty, also known as Later Lê dynasty (Vietnamese: Hậu
Lê triều Hán tự: 後黎朝 or Vietnamese: nhà Hậu Lê Hán tự: 家後黎 was the
longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, ruling Đại Việt from 1428 to 1789. The Lê
dynasty is divided into two historical periods – the Early period (Lê sơ triều,
Hán tự: 黎初朝; 1428–1527) before usurpation by the Mạc dynasty (1527–1683), in
which emperors ruled in their own right, and the restored period or Revival Lê (Lê
Trung hưng triều, Hán tự: 黎中興朝; 1533–1789), in which figurehead emperors reigned
under the auspices of the powerful Trịnh family. The Restored Lê period is
marked by two lengthy civil wars: the Lê–Mạc War (1533–1592) in which two
dynasties battled for legitimacy in northern Vietnam and the Trịnh–Nguyễn War
(1627–1672) between the Trịnh family in Tonkin and the Nguyễn lords of the
South.
The dynasty officially began in 1428 with the enthronement of Lê Lợi after he
drove the Ming army from Vietnam. The dynasty reached its peak during the reign
of Lê Thánh Tông and declined after his death in 1497. In 1527, the Mạc dynasty
usurped the throne; when the Lê dynasty was restored in 1533, the Mạc fled to
the far north and continued to claim the throne during the period known as
Southern and Northern Dynasties. The restored Lê emperors held no real power,
and by the time the Mạc dynasty was finally eradicated in 1677, actual power lay
in the hands of the Trịnh lords in the North and Nguyễn lords in the South, both
ruling in the name of the Lê emperor while fighting each other. The Lê dynasty
officially ended in 1789, when the peasant uprising of the Tây Sơn brothers
defeated both the Trịnh and the Nguyễn, ironically in order to restore power to
the Lê dynasty.
The Lê dynasty continued the nam tiến expansion of Vietnam’s borders
southwards through the domination of the Kingdom of Champa and expedition into
today Laos and Myanmar, nearly reaching Vietnam’s modern borders by the time of
the Tây Sơn uprising. It also saw massive changes to Vietnamese society: the
previously Buddhist state became Confucian after the preceding 20 years of Ming
rule. The Lê emperors instituted many changes modeled after the Chinese system,
including the civil service and laws. Their long-lasting rule was attributed to
the popularity of the early emperors. Lê Lợi’s liberation of the country from 20
years of Ming rule and Lê Thánh Tông’s bringing the country into a golden age
was well-remembered by the people. Even though the restored Lê emperors’ rule
was marked by civil strife and constant peasant uprisings, few dared to openly
challenge their power for fear of losing popular support. The Lê dynasty also
was the period Vietnam saw the coming of Western Europeans and Christianity in
early 16th-century.
Cash was a type of coin of China and East Asia, used from the 4th century BC until the 20th century AD. Originally cast during the Warring States period, these coins continued to be used for the entirety of Imperial China as well as under Mongol, and Manchu rule. The last Chinese cash coins were cast in the first year of the Republic of China. Generally most cash coins were made from copper or bronze alloys, with iron, lead, and zinc coins occasionally used less often throughout Chinese history. Rare silver and gold cash coins were also produced. During most of their production, cash coins were cast but, during the late Qing dynasty, machine-struck cash coins began to be made. As the cash coins produced over Chinese history were similar, thousand year old cash coins produced during the Northern Song dynasty continued to circulate as valid currency well into the early twentieth century.
In the modern era, these coins are considered to be Chinese “good luck coins”; they are hung on strings and round the necks of children, or over the beds of sick people. They hold a place in various superstitions, as well as Traditional Chinese medicine, and Feng shui. Currencies based on the Chinese cash coins include the Japanese mon, Korean mun, Ryukyuan mon, and Vietnamese văn.
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