Germany – Middle Ages 1600’s Billon Schussel Pfennig 10mm (0.16 grams) Eagle within circle, dots around. Coin Notes: Coin is concave-shaped.
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany is a federal parliamentary republic in western –central Europe. It includes 16 constituent states and covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi) with a largely temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and largest city is Berlin . With 81 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state in the European Union . After the United States, it is the second most popular migration destination in the world.
Various Germanic tribes have occupied northern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before 100 CE. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation .
The rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states in 1871 into the Prussian -dominated German Empire . After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919 , the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic . The establishment of the Third Reich in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust . After 1945, Germany split into two states, East Germany and West Germany . In 1990 , the country was reunified .
In the 21st century, Germany is a great power and has the world’s fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP , as well as the fifth-largest by PPP . As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the world’s third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a developed country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled and productive society. It upholds a social security and universal health care system, environmental protection and a tuition free university education.
Germany was a founding member of the European Union in 1993. It is part of the Schengen Area , and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999. Germany is a member of the United Nations , NATO, the G8 , the G20 , and the OECD . The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world. Known for its rich cultural history, Germany has been continuously the home of influential artists , philosophers , musicians , sportsmen , entrepreneurs , scientists and inventors .
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