British East Africa – Mombasa (Kenya) 1888 (AH 1306) Bronze 1 Pice (1/4 Anna) 25mm (6.14 grams) Reference: KM# 1 IMPERIAL BRITISH EAST AFRICA Co عدل 1888, A pair of scales above an Arabic inscription. MOMBASA 1306 ممباسة ١٣۰۶ سنة , Arabic inscription in centre with mintmark below, within dotted circle. Flanked by sprays. Coin Notes: Obverse design is derived from the obverse design of the Zanzibari AH1299 (1882)
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East Africa Protectoratee (also known as British East Africa) was an area in the African Great Lakes occupying roughly the same terrain as present-day Kenya (approximately 639,209 km2 (246,800 sq mi)) from the Indian Ocean inland to the border with Uganda in the west. Although part of the dominions of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, it was controlled by Britain in the late 19th century; it grew out of British commercial interests in the area in the 1880s and remained a protectorate until 1920 when it became the colony of Kenya, save for an independent country 16-kilometre-wide (10 mi) coastal strip that became the Kenya protectorate.
Administration
European missionaries began settling in the area from Mombasa to Mount Kilimanjaro in the 1840s, nominally under the protection of the Sultanate of Zanzibar. In 1886, the British government encouraged William Mackinnon, who already had an agreement with the Sultan and whose shipping company traded extensively in the African Great Lakes, to establish British influence in the region. He formed a British East Africa Association which led to the Imperial British East Africa Company being chartered in 1888 and given the original grant to administer the dependency. It administered about 240 kilometres (150 mi) of coastline stretching from the River Jubba via Mombasa to German East Africa which were leased from the Sultan. The British “sphere of influence”, agreed at the Berlin Conference of 1885, extended up the coast and inland across the future Kenya. Mombasa was the administrative centre at this time.
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Britisheastafrica_1.png/250px-Britisheastafrica_1.png" align="right" however,="" the="" company="" began="" to="" fail,="" and="" on="" 1="" july="" 1895,="" british="" government="" proclaimed="" a="" protectorate,="" administration="" being="" transferred="" foreign="" office.="" in="" 1902="" was="" again="" colonial="" 1897="" lord="" delamere,="" pioneer="" of="" white="" settlement,="" arrived="" kenya="" highlands,="" which="" then="" part="" protectorate.="" delamere="" impressed="" by="" agricultural="" possibilities="" area.="" 1902,="" boundaries="" protectorate="" were="" extended="" include="" what="" previously="" eastern="" province="" uganda.="" also,="" east="" africa="" syndicate="" received="" grant="" 1,300="" square="" kilometres="" (500 sq mi)="" promote="" settlement="" highlands.="" now="" commenced="" extensive="" farming="" operations,="" 1905,="" when="" large="" number="" new="" settlers="" from="" england="" south="" africa,="" authority="" office="" that="" capital="" shifted="" mombasa="" nairobi="" 1905.="" regular="" legislature="" constituted="" order="" council="" 1906.="" this="" administrator="" governor="" provided="" for="" legislative="" executive="" councils.="" lieutenant="" colonel="" j.="" hayes="" sadler="" first="" commander="" chief.="" there="" occasional="" troubles="" with="" local="" tribes="" but="" country="" opened="" up="" colonists="" little="" bloodshed.="" after="" world="" war,="" more="" farmers="" 1919="" european="" population="" estimated="" at="" 9,000="" settlers.
On 23 July 1920, the inland areas of the Protectorate were annexed as British dominions by Order in Council. That part of the former Protectorate was thereby constituted as the Colony of Kenya. The remaining 16-kilometre-wide (10 mi) coastal strip (with the exception of Witu), remained a Protectorate under an agreement with the Sultan of Zanzibar. That coastal strip, remaining under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar, was constituted as the Protectorate of Kenya in 1920.
Developmentt
<pafter 1896,="" immigrants="" from="" india="" came="" to="" the="" area="" as="" moneylenders,="" traders,="" and="" artisans.="" racial="" segregation="" was="" normalised,="" with="" europeans="" assigning="" highlands="" themselves.="" other="" restrictions="" included="" commercial="" residential="" in="" towns,="" on="" indian="" immigration.="" nevertheless,="" indians="" rapidly="" grew="" outnumber="" by="" more="" than="" two="" one="" 1919.="" a="" crown="" colony="" whose="" citizens="" enjoyed="" certain="" privileges="" but="" it="" unclear="" whether="" ishmael="" african="" great="" lakes="" were="" be="" recognised="" of="" british="" empire="" or="" subject="" race.=""
In April 1902, the first application for land in British East Africa was made by the East Africa Syndicate – a company in which financiers belonging to the British South Africa Company were interested – which sought a grant of 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi), and this was followed by other applications for considerable areas, including a large Jewish settlement. In 1902, a British soldier in East Africa described what happened in a single village:
Every soul was either shot or bayoneted… We burned all the huts and razed the banana plantations to the ground.
In April 1903, Major Frederick Russell Burnham, the famous American scout and then a Director of the East African Syndicate, sent an expedition consisting of John Weston Brooke, John Charles Blick, Mr. Bittlebank and Mr. Brown, to assess the mineral wealth of the region. The party, known as the “Four B.’s”, travelled from Nairobi via Mount Elgon northwards to the western shores of Lake Rudolph, experiencing plenty of privations from want of water, and of the danger from encounters with the Maasai. With the arrival in 1903 of hundreds of prospective settlers, chiefly from South Africa, questions were raised concerning the preservation for the Maasai of their rights of pasturage, and the decision was made to entertain no more applications for large areas of land.
In the process of carrying out this policy of colonisation a dispute arose between Sir Charles Eliot, Commissioner of British East Africa, and Lord Lansdowne, the British Foreign Secretary. The East Africa Syndicate had applied for and been pledged the lease of 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi) of land. Lansdowne, believing himself bound by the pledges, decided the applications should be approved. In a separate matter, two South African applicants who were each attempting to lease 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi) were declined by Lansdowne, and he refused Eliot permission to conclude the transactions. In view of this Eliot resigned his post, giving his reason in a public telegram to the Prime Minister, dated Mombasa, 21 June 1904, stating: “Lord Lansdowne ordered me to refuse grants of land to certain private persons while giving a monopoly of land on unduly advantageous terms to the East Africa Syndicate. I have refused to execute these instructions, which I consider unjust and impolitic.” Sir Donald William Stewart, the chief commissioner of Ashanti (Ghana), was announced as Sir Charles’ successor on the day the telegram was sent.
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