Kingdom of Netherlands Wilhelmina – Queen: November 1890 – 4 September 1948
Inauguration Medal 1898 Silver Medal 23.8mm (6.76 grams) Reference: N# 214086 | Engraver: Pier Pander WILHELMINA KONINGIN DER NEDERLANDEN, Queen Wilhelmina facing left. TE AMSTERDAM INGEHULDIGD 6 SEPTEMBER 1898, Orange blossom and details of the event.
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Wilhelmina (Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I and World War II , the economic crisis of 1933 , and the decline of the Netherlands as a major colonial power . Outside the Netherlands she is primarily remembered for her role in World War II, in which she proved to be a great inspiration to the Dutch resistance .
During the 1920s and 1930s, the Netherlands began to emerge as an industrial power. Engineers reclaimed vast amounts of land that had been under water by building the Zuiderzee Works. In 1934, both Wilhelmina’s mother Queen Emma and her husband, Prince Hendrik, died.
<pmost of="" the="" 1930s="" were="" also="" occupied="" by="" need="" to="" find="" a="" suitable="" husband="" for="" juliana.="" this="" was="" difficult="" task="" since="" wilhelmina="" very="" religious,="" and="" insisted="" that="" her="" daughter's="" hand="" be="" given="" protestant="" royal="" birth.="" several="" prospects="" from="" united="" kingdom="" sweden="" either="" declined="" or="" turned="" down="" finally,="" found="" match="" daughter="" in="" prince="" bernhard="" lippe-biesterfeld,="" german="" aristocrat.="" marriage="" initially="" drew="" some="" controversy="" due="" rumours="" pro-nazi.="" it="" subsequently="" confirmed="" he="" had="" indeed="" been="" member="" nazi="" party="" so-called="" Reiter-SS (SS Cavalry Corps), as was proved by the Dutch national institute for war documentation, NIOD.
In 1939, the government proposed a refugee camp near the city of Apeldoorn for German Jews fleeing the Nazi regime. Wilhelmina intervened, as she felt the planned location was “too close” to her summer residence. If indeed spies were to be among the fugitives, they would be within walking distance of Het Loo Palace. The camp was finally erected about 10 km from the village of Westerbork.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands, commonly known as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in western Europe and in the Caribbean.
The four parts of the Kingdom – Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the Netherlands – are constituent countries (landen in Dutch) and participate on a basis of equality as partners in the Kingdom. In practice, however, most of the Kingdom affairs are administered by the Netherlands – which comprises roughly 98% of the Kingdom’s land area and population – on behalf of the entire Kingdom. Consequently, the countries of Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten are dependent on the Netherlands for matters like foreign policy and defence, although they are autonomous to a certain degree with their own parliaments.
The vast majority in land area of the constituent country of the Netherlands (as well as the Kingdom) is located in Europe, with the exception of the Caribbean Netherlands: its three special municipalities (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) that are located in the Caribbean. The constituent countries of Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten are located in the Caribbean as well.
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