|
France – City of Evreux
1921 Aluminum 25 Centimes ‘Notgeld’ Token
27mm (1.90 grams)
Engraver: Thévenon
CHAMBRE DE COMMERCE
D’EVREUX 1921 around crowned coat-of-arms.
25 Cent. THEVENON.
Many cities in France issued their own currency
tokens (notgeld) to circulate alongside or in
the place of usually hoarded coins. Following
the economic and financial turmoil created both
during and by the aftermath of WWI, the franc
was devalued, and subsequently silver 50
centimes, 1 franc, and 2 Franc coins began to
disappear from circulation fast, due to people
hoarding them for their silver value. As a
result, a coinage shortage occurred, and
municipalities began issuing their own
replacements starting midway through the First
World War, and continuing into the 1920s. The
notgeld issues had ended by 1931, by which point
new Chambres de Commerce issues had become
widely available and circulating. Most of those
coins were made of low-value metals like zinc or
aluminium and stamp coins were also widely made.
French colonies where the Franc circulated also
issued their own notgeld during the 1920s.
You are bidding on the exact item pictured,
provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and
Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
Évreux is a commune in and the capital of
the department of Eure, in the French region of
Normandy. In late Antiquity, the town, attested
in the fourth century CE, was named
Mediolanum Aulercorum, “the central town of
the Aulerci”, the Gallic tribe then inhabiting
the area. Mediolanum was a small regional centre
of the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis.
Julius Caesar wintered eight legions in this
area after his third campaigning season in the
battle for Gaul (56-55 BC): Legiones VII, VIII,
IX, X, XI, XII, XIII and XIV. The present-day
name of Évreux originates from the Gallic
tribe of Eburovices, literally Those who
overcome by the yew?, from the Gaulish root
eburos.
Sights
Évreux is
situated in the pleasant valley of the Iton, arms of which traverse the
town; on the south, the ground slopes up toward the public gardens and the
railway station. It is the seat of a bishop, and its cathedral is one of the
largest and finest in France.
The first cathedral was built in 1076,
but destroyed in 1119 when the town was burned at the orders of Henry I of
France to put down the Norman insurrection. He rebuilt the cathedral as an
act of atonement to the Pope. Between 1194 and 1198, the conflict between
Philippe Auguste and Richard the Lion-hearted damaged the new cathedral. The
architecture of the present edifice shows this history, with its blend of
Romanesque and Gothic styles. As did many towns in the regions of Nord and
Normandy, Évreux and its cathedral suffered greatly from Second World War.
At Le Vieil-Évreux (lit. the old Évreux), the Roman Gisacum, 5.6
kilometres (3 1⁄2 mi) southeast of the town, the
remains of a Roman theatre, a palace, baths and an aqueduct have been
discovered, as well as various relics, notably the bronze of Jupiter
Stator, which are now deposited in the museum of Évreux.
-
Évreux Cathedral
- Hôtel de ville
- Église Saint-Taurin
  France,
officially the French Republic (French: République française),
is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several
overseas regions and territories. The European part of France, called
Metropolitan France, extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English
Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. France
spans 640,679 square kilometres (247,368 sq mi) and has a total population
of 67 million. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital
in Paris, the country’s largest city and main cultural and commercial
centre. The Constitution of France establishes the state as secular and
democratic, with its sovereignty derived from the people.
During the Iron Age, what is now Metropolitan France was inhabited by the
Gauls, a Celtic people. The Gauls were conquered in 51 BC by the Roman
Empire, which held Gaul until 486. The Gallo-Romans faced raids and
migration from the Germanic Franks, who dominated the region for hundreds of
years, eventually creating the medieval Kingdom of France. France emerged as
a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the
Hundred Years’ War (1337 to 1453) strengthening French state-building and
paving the way for a future centralized absolute monarchy. During the
Renaissance, France experienced a vast cultural development and established
the beginning of a global colonial empire. The 16th century was dominated by
religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots).
France became Europe’s dominant cultural, political, and military power
under Louis XIV. French philosophers played a key role in the Age of
Enlightenment during the 18th century. In 1778, France became the first and
the main ally of the new United States in the American Revolutionary War. In
the late 18th century, the absolute monarchy was overthrown in the French
Revolution. Among its legacies was the Declaration of the Rights of Man
and of the Citizen, one of the earliest documents on human rights, which
expresses the nation’s ideals to this day. France became one of modern
history’s earliest republics until Napoleon took power and launched the
First French Empire in 1804. Fighting against a complex set of coalitions
during the Napoleonic Wars, he dominated European affairs for over a decade
and had a long-lasting impact on Western culture. Following the collapse of
the Empire, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments: the
monarchy was restored, it was replaced in 1830 by a constitutional monarchy,
then briefly by a Second Republic, and then by a Second Empire, until a more
lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870. By the 1905 law,
France adopted a strict form of secularism, called laïcité, which has
become an important federative principle in the modern French society.
France reached its territorial height during the 19th and early 20th
centuries, when it ultimately possessed the second-largest colonial empire
in the world. In World War I, France was one of the main winners as part of
the Triple Entente alliance fighting against the Central Powers. France was
also one of the Allied Powers in World War II, but came under occupation by
the Axis Powers in 1940. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was
established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War. The Fifth
Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this
day. Following World War II, most of the empire became decolonized.
Throughout its long history, France has been a leading global center of
culture, making significant contributions to art, science, and philosophy.
It hosts Europe’s third-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage
Sites (after Italy and Spain) and receives around 83 million foreign
tourists annually, the most of any country in the world. France remains a
great power with significant cultural, economic, military, and political
influence. It is a developed country with the world’s sixth-largest economy
by nominal GDP and eight-largest by purchasing power parity. According to
Credit Suisse, France is the fourth wealthiest nation in the world in
terms of aggregate household wealth. It also possesses the world’s
second-largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ), covering 11,035,000 square
kilometres (4,261,000 sq mi).
French citizens enjoy a high standard of
living, and the country performs well in international rankings of
education, health care, life expectancy, civil liberties, and human
development. France is a founding member of the United Nations, where it
serves as one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council. It
is a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World
Trade Organization (WTO), and La Francophonie. France is a founding and
leading member state of the European Union (EU).
|
