Belgium under Charlotte Millennium of Luxembourg City 1963 Silver 250 Francs (250 Frank) 36mm (25.15 grams) 0.835 Silver (0.6711 oz. ASW) Reference: L# 303, Weiller# 293, KM# 53, Schön# 37 | Engravers: Julien, Nina Lefèvre CAROLA MAGNA DVCISSA FELICITER REGNANTE -963-1963, +CIVITAS LVCEMBORGENSIS MILLESIMVM OVANS EXPLET ANNVM MJ LEFEVRE, Portrait to the right of Charlotte (1896-1985) with diademe, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 to 1964, in the neck a royal crown. LVCILINBVRHVC 250 F , In the center an aerial view of the castle on the rock of the “Bock” as well as of the city with its enclosure.
Coin Notes: One of the most beautiful pieces for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, coin commemorating the millennium of the city of Luxembourg, coined at the Brussels mint, made of an alloy of 835 ‰ silver and 165 ‰ copper . The tolerance of the metal being three thousandths, and the tolerance of the weight of ten thousandths. The Romans had installed on the Bock Rock a fort named ” Lucilinburhuc “, from this name comes the current name of the country. Around the year 963, Siegfried built there a castle that was the cradle of the city. Over the centuries the fortification was strengthened to make the city one of the strongest places in the world. Underneath the Bock Rock are the Casemates, a 23 km underground defense system that can house thousands of soldiers and their equipment. The structure of the Bock was razed in 1875, only the tower named “Huelen Zant” (hollow tooth) remained on the ground.
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Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi) and has a population of about 11 million people.
Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.
Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. It is divided into three regions and three communities, that exist next to each other. Its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium’s linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of government.
Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states. The region was called Belgica in Latin, after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture. From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers, causing it to be dubbed the “Battlefield of Europe,” a reputation strengthened by both world wars.
Upon its independence, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa. The second half of the 20th century was marked by rising tensions between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking citizens fueled by differences in language and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia. This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms, resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993. Despite the reforms, tensions between the groups remain; the formation of a coalition government took 18 months following the June 2010 federal election.
Belgium is a founding member of the European Union, Eurozone, NATO, OECD and WTO, and a part of the trilateral Benelux Union. Its capital, Brussels, hosts several of the EU’s official seats as well as the headquarters of many major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area.
Belgium is a developed country, with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as “very high” in the Human Development Index.
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