Bermuda
1964 Silver One Crown 36mm (22.64 grams) 0.500 Silver (0.3613 oz. ASW)
Reference: KM# 14 Obverse Desinger: Cecil Thomas Reverse Designer: George Kruger-Gray
ELIAZABETH ◦ II ◦ DEI ◦ GRATIA ◦ REGINA, Crowned bust of Queen Elizabeth II right.
ONE BERMUDA CROWN 1964 around coat of arms of Bermuda; QUO FATA FERUNT on banner below.
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Elizabeth
II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926[a])
is, and has been since her accession in 1952, Queen of the United Kingdom,
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and
Head of the Commonwealth
. She is also Queen of
12 countries that have become independent since her accession: Jamaica,
Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint
Kitts and Nevis.[b]
Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King
George VI
and
Queen Elizabeth
, and was the elder of their two
daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne
on the
abdication
of his brother
Edward VIII
in 1936, from which time she was
the
heir presumptive
. She began to undertake public
duties during
World War II
, serving in the
Auxiliary Territorial Service
. In 1947, she
married
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
, with whom she
has four children:
Charles
,
Anne
,
Andrew
, and
Edward
.
Elizabeth’s many historic visits and meetings include a
state visit to the Republic of Ireland
and
reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional
changes, such as
devolution
in the United Kingdom, Canadian
patriation
, and the
decolonisation of Africa
. She has also reigned
through various wars and conflicts involving many of
her realms
. She is the world’s oldest reigning
monarch as well as Britain’s
longest-lived
. In 2015, she surpassed the reign
of her great-great-grandmother,
Queen Victoria
, to become the
longest-reigning British monarch
and the
longest-reigning queen regnant
in world
history.
Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her
children, grandchildren and great grandchildren, her
coronation in 1953
, and the celebration of
milestones such as her
Silver
,
Golden
and
Diamond
Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012,
respectively. Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father, aged
56; the assassination of Prince Philip’s uncle,
Lord Mountbatten
; the breakdown of her
children’s marriages in 1992 (her
annus horribilis
); the death in 1997 of her
son’s former wife,
Diana, Princess of Wales
; and the deaths of her
mother and
sister
in 2002. Elizabeth has occasionally
faced
republican
sentiments and severe press
criticism of the
royal family
, but support for the monarchy and
her personal popularity remain high.
Bermuda,
also referred to in legal documents as, fully, “the Bermudas or Somers Isles“,
is a
British Overseas Territory
in the North
Atlantic Ocean, located off the east coast of
North America
. Its nearest
landmass
is
Cape Hatteras
,
United States
, about 1,030 kilometres (640 mi)
to the west-northwest. It is about 1,239 kilometres (770 mi) south of
Cape Sable Island
,
Canada
, and 1,538 kilometres (956 mi) north of
Puerto Rico
. Its
capital city
is
Hamilton
.
The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was
Spanish
sea captain
Juan de Bermúdez
in 1503, after whom the
islands are named. He claimed the apparently uninhabited islands for the
Spanish Empire
. Paying two visits to the
archipelago, Bermúdez never landed on the islands, but did create a recognisable
map of the archipelago. Shipwrecked Portuguese mariners are now thought to have
been responsible for the 1543 inscription in Portuguese Rock (previously
called Spanish Rock). Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are
believed to have released pigs there, which had become
feral
and abundant on the island by the time
European settlement began. In 1609, the English
Virginia Company
, which had established
Jamestown
in
Virginia
(a term originally applied to all of
the
North American
continent) two years earlier,
permanently settled Bermuda in the aftermath of a hurricane, when the crew and
passengers of the
Sea Venture
steered the ship onto the
surrounding reef to prevent its sinking, then landed ashore.
The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until
1614. Its
spin-off
, the
Somers Isles Company
, took over in 1615 and
managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company’s charter was revoked,
and the
English Crown
took over administration. The
islands became a British colony following the
1707 unification
of the parliaments of Scotland
and England, which created the
Kingdom of Great Britain
. After 1949, when
Newfoundland
became part of Canada, Bermuda was
automatically ranked as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory. Since
the return of
Hong Kong
to China in 1997, it is the most
populous Territory. Its first capital,
St. George’s
, was established in 1612 and is
the oldest continuously inhabited English town in the New World.
Bermuda’s economy is based on offshore
insurance
and
reinsurance
, and
tourism
, the two largest
economic sectors
. Bermuda had one of the
world’s highest
GDP per capita
for most of the 20th century and
several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the
global recession. It has a
subtropical
climate. Bermuda is the
northernmost point of the
Bermuda Triangle
, a region of sea in which,
according to
legend
, a number of aircraft and surface
vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious
circumstances. The island is in the
hurricane belt
and prone to severe weather.
However, it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the
coral reef that surrounds the island.
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