Hungary – Hungarian Painters Series II.- Ádám Mányoki 1977 Proof Silver 200 Forint 36mm (28.09 grams) 0.640 Silver (0.5761 oz. ASW) Reference: KM# 610, ÉH# 1609 MÁNYOKI ÁDÁM 1673-1756, Design after Mányoki’s painting “Self-portrait with brush and palette”, on the right desiner’s mark: KNA MAGYAR NÉPKÖZ- TÁRSASÁG 200 FORINT 1977 BP. KNA, Shield lower left, cross divides four sections.
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Ádám Mányoki (1673, Szokolya – 6 August 1757, Dresden) was a Hungarian Baroque portrait painter. He was the son of a Reformed pastor. The family was very poor, so he was apparently given into the care of a German staff officer named Dölfer, who promised to provide him with an education.
He first went to Lüneburg, then on to Hamburg for further schooling. After that, he studied with Andreas Scheits in Hanover and Nicolas de Largillière in Paris. He completed his studies in the Netherlands and was a court painter for King Frederick William I of Prussia in Berlin from 1703 to 1707.
In 1707, he entered the service of Francis II Rákóczi. He followed the Prince to Poland in 1711, but remained there rather than continue on to France. While there, he was commissioned to do a portrait of King Augustus II and became a court painter in 1717. Six years later, he moved on, visiting Prague and Vienna, where he painted portraits of Emperor Charles VI and his daughters, Maria Theresa and Maria Anna. From 1724 to 1731, he was back in Hungary, where his sitters included Pál Ráday [hu] and his wife and members of the Podmanitzky family.
After 1731, he lived in Dresden and Leipzig and, in 1736, once again became a court painter, this time for Augustus III of Poland. He resigned in 1753, over the issue of unpaid salary. During his final years, he squandered his money on alchemy, a common mania at that time. He died in Dresden at the age of 84, totally impoverished, and had to be buried by friends.
Hungary is a sovereign state in Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, Slovenia to the west, Austria to the northwest, and Ukraine to the northeast. The country’s capital and largest city is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and the Schengen Area. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.
Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts, Romans, Huns, Slavs, Gepids, and Avars, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád in the Honfoglalás (“homeland-conquest”). His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000 CE, converting the country to a Christian kingdom. By the 12th century, Hungary became a middle power within the Western world, reaching a golden age by the 15th century. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 and about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541-1699), Hungary came under Habsburg rule, and later formed a significant part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918).
Hungary’s current borders were first established by the Treaty of Trianon (1920) after World War I, when the country lost 71% of its territory, 58% of its population, and 32% of ethnic Hungarians. Following the interwar period, Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. Hungary came under the influence of the Soviet Union, which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship (1947-1989). The country gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989, which accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc.
On 23 October 1989, Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic, and today has a high-income economy with a very high Human Development Index. Hungary is a popular tourist destination attracting 10.675 million tourists a year (2013). It is home to the largest thermal water cave system and the second-largest thermal lake in the world (Lake Hévíz), the largest lake in Central Europe (Lake Balaton), and the largest natural grasslands in Europe (the Hortobágy National Park).
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