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1980
Russia
XXII Olympics in Moscow 1 Rouble Soviet
Union CCCP Coin
31mm (12.44 grams)
CCCP 1 РУБЛЬ, emblem of Soviet Union.
ИГРЫ XXI ОΛИМΠИΑДЫ . 1980 around view of Moscow, 1979 below.
You are bidding on the exact item pictured,
provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of
Authenticity.
Moscow is the
capital city
and the most populous
federal subject
of
Russia
. The city is a major political,
economic, cultural and scientific center in
Russia and in
Eastern Europe
. According to
Forbes 2013
,[13]
Moscow has the largest number of
billionaire residents
in the world, has been
ranked as the
ninth most expensive city in the world by Mercer
and is one of the
world’s largest urban economies
, being ranked
as an alpha global city
according to the
Globalization and World Cities Research Network
and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world
according to the
MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index
.
Moscow is the northernmost and coldest
megacity
and
metropolis
on
Earth
, the second most populous city in
Europe
after
Istanbul
[14]
and
the 8th largest city proper in the world, as well as the
largest amongst high income economies
. It is home to the
Ostankino Tower
, the
tallest free standing structure in Europe
;
Mercury City Tower
, the tallest skyscraper in
Europe and the
Moscow International Business Center
. It is
the largest city in Russia
, with a population
of 12,108,257 people (2014).[8]
By its territorial expansion on 1 July 2012 southwest into the
Moscow Oblast
, the capital increased its area
2.5 times; from about 1,000 square kilometers (390 sq mi) up to 2,511 square
kilometers (970 sq mi), and gained an additional population of 233,000 people.[15][16]
Moscow is situated on the
Moskva River
in the
Central Federal District
of
European Russia
making it the world’s most
populated inland city. The city is well known for its unique architecture which
consists of many different historic buildings such as
Saint Basil’s Cathedral
with its brightly
colored domes. With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery, it is
one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and the world, having
the largest forest in an urban area within its borders—more than any other major
city—even before its expansion in 2012. In the course of its history the city
has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the
medieval
Grand Duchy of Moscow
and the subsequent
Tsardom of Russia
to the
Soviet Union
. Moscow is considered the center
of Russian culture, having served as the home of prestigious Russian artists,
scientists and sports figures during the course of its history and because of
the presence of many different museums, academic and political institutions and
theaters. Moscow is also the seat of power of the
Government of Russia
, being the site of the
Moscow Kremlin
, a medieval city-fortress that
is today the residence of the Russian president. The Moscow Kremlin and the Red
Square are also one of several
World Heritage Sites
in the city. Both chambers
of the Russian parliament (the
State Duma
and the
Federation Council
) also sit in the city.
The city is served by an extensive transit network, which includes four
international airports, nine railway terminals, numerous trams,
a monorail system
and one of the deepest
underground metro systems in the world, the
Moscow Metro
, the fourth-largest in the world
and largest outside of Asia
in terms of passenger numbers. It is
recognized as one of the city’s landmarks due to the rich and varied
architecture of its 194 stations.
Over time, Moscow has acquired a number of
epithets
, most referring to its size and
preeminent status within the nation: The
Third Rome
(Третий Рим),
The Whitestone One (Белокаменна�), The First Throne (Первопре�тольна�),
The Forty Forties (Сорок Сороков), and The Hero City (город-герой).
In old Russian the word “Сорок” (forty) also meant
a church administrative district, which consisted of about forty churches. The
demonym
for a Moscow resident is “моÑ�квич”
(moskvich), rendered in English as Muscovite.
The 1980
Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad,
was an international
multi-sport event
held in
Moscow
in the
Soviet Union
.
The 1980 Games were the first to be staged in
Eastern Europe
.
Led by the
US
with the insistence of its President
Jimmy Carter
, 65 countries
boycotted
the games because of the
Soviet war in Afghanistan
, though some athletes
from some of the boycotting countries participated in the games, under the
Olympic Flag
. This prompted the Soviet-led
boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics
.
Host city selection
The only two cities to bid for the 1980 Summer Olympics were Moscow and Los
Angeles. The choice between them was made on 23 October 1974 in the 75th
IOC Session
in Vienna, Austria.[3]
[hide]1980
Summer Olympics bidding result[4] |
| City |
Country |
Round 1 |
| Moscow
|
 Soviet
Union |
39 |
|
Los Angeles
|
 United
States |
20 |
Participation overview and boycott
Main article:
1980 Summer Olympics boycott
Boycotting countries shown in blue
Olympic Village as it appeared in February 2004
80 nations were represented at the Moscow Games – the smallest number since
1956
. Six nations made their first Olympic
appearance in 1980: Angola
,
Botswana
,
Jordan
,
Laos,
Mozambique
, and
Seychelles
. Cyprus made its debut at the Summer
Olympics, but had appeared earlier at the
1980 Winter Olympics
in
Lake Placid, New York
. Sri Lanka competed for
the first time under its new name (previously as Ceylon), Benin had
competed previously as Dahomey and Zimbabwe competed for the first time
under that name (previously as Rhodesia).
Although approximately half of the 24 countries that boycotted the
1976 Summer Olympics
(in protest at
apartheid
in
South Africa
) participated in these games, the
1980 Summer Olympics were disrupted by another, even larger, boycott led by the
United States in protest at the 1979
Soviet war in Afghanistan
. The Soviet invasion
spurred Jimmy Carter to issue an ultimatum on January 20, 1980 that the US would
boycott the Moscow Olympics if Soviet troops did not withdraw from Afghanistan
within one month.
65 countries and regions invited did not take part in the 1980 Olympics. Many
of these followed the United States’ boycott initiative, while others cited
economic reasons for not coming. Many of the boycotting nations participated
instead in the
Liberty Bell Classic
(also known as the
“Olympic Boycott Games”) in
Philadelphia
. However, the nations that did
compete had won 71% of all medals, and also 71% of the gold medals, at the
1976 Summer Olympics
in Montreal. As a form of
protest against the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, fifteen countries
marched in the Opening Ceremony with the
Olympic Flag
instead of their national flags,
and the Olympic Flag and
Olympic Hymn
were used at medal ceremonies when
athletes from these countries won medals. Competitors from three countries –
New Zealand
,
Portugal
, and
Spain
– competed under the flag of their
respective
National Olympic Committees
. Some of the teams
that marched under flags other than their national flags were depleted by
boycotts by individual athletes, while some athletes did not participate in the
march.[citation
needed] The impact of the boycott was mixed. Some
events, such as field hockey and equestrian sports, were hard hit. Others such
as boxing, judo, rowing, swimming, track and field and weightlifting had more
participants than in 1976.
Athletes from 25 countries won Olympic gold (the same total as in the
1984 Games
and one fewer than in the 1976
Games) and competitors from 36 countries became Olympic medalists.[citation
needed]
Italy won four times more gold medals than they won in Montreal and France
multiplied its gold medal talley by three. Romania won more gold medals than it
had at any previous Olympics. In terms of total medals, the Moscow Olympics was
Ireland’s most successful games since
Melbourne 1956
. The same was true for Great
Britain. “Third
World” athletes qualified for more events and took more medals than
they did at any previous Olympics. 21% of the competitors were women – a higher
percentage than at any previous Olympics.
Events, records and drug tests overview
There were 203 events – more than at any previous Olympics.
36 World records, 39 European records and 74 Olympic records were set. In
total this was more records than were set at Montreal. New Olympic records were
set 241 times over the course of the competitions and world records were beaten
97 times. Three Olympic records set in 1980 still stood as of 2008 – East German
women 4×100 meter relay 41.6 seconds (broken by Jamaica in 2012); Soviet
Nadezhda Olizarenko
800 meters, 1:53.43; Modern
Pentathlon Soviet
Anatoli Starostin
5568 points.[citation
needed]
Prince
Alexandre de Merode
of Belgium, Chairman of the
IOC Medical Commission, stated: “There were 9,292 drug tests. None positive”.
Media and broadcasting
Major broadcasters of the Games were
USSR State TV and Radio
(1,370
accreditation cards),
Eurovision
(31 countries, 818 cards) and
Intervision
(11 countries, 342 cards).
Asahi TV
with 68 cards provided coverage for
Japan, while
OTI
representing the Latin America received 59
cards and the
Seven Network
provided coverage for Australia
(48 cards). NBC
, which had intended to be another major
broadcaster, canceled its coverage in response to the U.S. boycott of the 1980
Summer Olympics, and became a minor broadcaster with 56 accreditation cards,
although the network did air highlights and recaps of the games on a regular
basis. (ABC
aired scenes of the opening ceremony during its
Nightline
program, and promised highlights
each night, but the next night, the show announced that they could not air any
highlights as NBC still had exclusive broadcast rights in the USA.) The
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
almost
canceled their plans for coverage after Canada took part in the boycott and was
represented by nine cards. The television center used 20 television channels,
compared to 16 for the Montreal Games, 12 for the
Munich Games
, and seven for the
Mexico City Games
. During the opening ceremony,
Salyut 6
crew
Leonid Popov
and
Valery Ryumin
sent their greetings to the
Olympians and wished them happy starts in the
live communication
between the station and the
Central Lenin Stadium. They appeared on the stadium’s
scoreboard
and their voices were translated via
loud speakers
.
Spectators and
commemoration
The Games attracted five million spectators, an increase of 1.5 million from
the Montreal Games. There were 1,245 referees from 78 countries.[citation
needed] A
series of commemorative coins
was released in
the USSR
in 1977–1980 to commemorate the event. It
consisted of five
platinum coins
, six
gold coins
, 28
silver coins
and six
copper-nickel
coins.
Budget
According to the Official Report, submitted to the
IOC
by the
NOC
of the
USSR
, total expenditures for the preparations
for and staging of the Games were 862.7 million
rubles
, total revenues being 744.8 million
rubles.[citation
needed]
Olympic games handover
At the closing ceremony, the
Los Angeles city flag
, rather than the
United States flag
, was raised to symbolise the
next host of the Olympic Games. This followed the raising of the Greek flag to
symbolize the past and that of the Soviet Union to represent the present. It was
the first time that a future host city had refused to allow their national flag
to be used.The ceremonial Olympic flag had been handed over to Moscow at the
opening ceremony and was kept by the city authorities until 1984.
Opening ceremony
Main article:
1980 Summer Olympics opening ceremony
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