Israel English 18th Century Hannukah Lamp Commemorative Issue 2 Coin Set
1987 Silver 2 New Sheqelim 37mm (28.80 grams) 0.850 Silver (0.787 oz. ASW) Reference: KM# 184 2 שקלים חדשים NEW SHEQALIM ישראל ISRAEL اسرائيل 1987 • התשמ”ח מ, Hebrew letter “mem” mintmark underneath the State emblem, outline of lamp around. חנוכיה מאנגליה • המאה הי”ח , Chanukah Lamp: Silver Hanukkiya dating from 1709, from the Felix Navarro Collection of the London Jewish Museum, showing the prophet Elijah being fed by the ravens. A line representing the shape of the Hanukkiya surrounds legend.
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1987 Silver New Sheqel 30mm (14.34 grams) 0.850 Silver (0.3935 oz. ASW) Reference: KM# 183 1 שקל חדשים NEW SHEQAL ישראל ISRAEL اسرائيل 1987 • התשמ”ח מ, Hebrew letter “mem” mintmark underneath the State emblem, outline of lamp around. חנוכיה מאנגליה • המאה הי”ח , Chanukah Lamp: Silver Hanukkiya dating from 1709, from the Felix Navarro Collection of the London Jewish Museum, showing the prophet Elijah being fed by the ravens. A line representing the shape of the Hanukkiya surrounds legend.
Coin Notes:
Engraver: Ruth Lubin The history of the Jewish community in England begins with its Norman conquest in 1066. Discrimination against the community was commonplace. In 1290, the Jews of medieval England were stripped of their possessions and expelled. Jews were formally admitted to England in 1656, though Spanish and Portuguese Moranos traded in London and Bristol before that date. Communal institutions founded in the 18th Century – headed by the Chief Rabbinate and the Board of Deputies of British Jews – established a pattern of Anglo-Jewish traditionalism. Between 1881 and 1914, Jews fleeing the Czarist pogroms reached England en route to the U.S.A. and other lands, but some remained to swell the Anglo Jewish population. A further 70,000 refugees arrived during the Nazi period. Anglo Jewry has been notably connected with the restoration and development of the Land of Israel. Some of the more prominent names were Sir Moses Montefiore and Sir Isaac Wolfson. British Zionists became strong supporters of Dr. Chaim Weizmann and were involved in securing the Balfour Declaration in 1917, which led to the establishment of the modern State of Israel.
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Hanukkah is a Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire. Hanukkah is observed for eight nights and days, starting on the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar, which may occur at any time from late November to late December in the Gregorian calendar. It is also known as the Festival of Lights and the Feast of Dedication.
The festival is observed by lighting the candles of a candelabrum with nine branches, called a Hanukkah menorah (or hanukkiah). One branch is typically placed above or below the others and its candle is used to light the other eight candles. This unique candle is called the shamash (Hebrew: שמש, “attendant”). Each night, one additional candle is lit by the shamash until all eight candles are lit together on the final night of the holiday. Other Hanukkah festivities include playing dreidel and eating oil-based foods such as doughnuts and latkes. Since the 1970s, the worldwide Chabad Hasidic movement has initiated public menorah lightings in open public places in many countries.
Israel (/ˈɪzriəl, ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل), officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel’s economic and technological center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state’s sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition.
Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa. Canaanite tribes are archaeologically attested since the Middle Bronze Age, while the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age. The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE. Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian, Persian and Hellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces. The successful Maccabean Revolt led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom by 110 BCE, which in 63 BCE however became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE, and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea. Judea lasted as a Roman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction, expulsion of Jewish population and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina.[34] Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries. In the 7th century the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099, followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187. The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt extended its control over the Levant in the 13th century until its defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. During the 19th century, national awakening among Jews led to the establishment of the Zionist movement in the diaspora followed by waves of immigration to Ottoman and later British Palestine.
In 1947, the United Nations adopted a Partition Plan for Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency, and rejected by Arab leaders. The following year, the Jewish Agency declared the independence of the State of Israel, and the subsequent 1948 Arab-Israeli War saw Israel’s establishment over most of the former Mandate territory, while the West Bank and Gaza were held by neighboring Arab states. Israel has since fought several wars with Arab countries, and it has since 1967 occupied territories including the West Bank, Golan Heights and the Gaza Strip (still considered occupied after 2005 disengagement, although some legal experts dispute this claim).[41][42][43][fn 4] It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank. Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian territories is the world’s longest military occupation in modern times.[fn 4][49] Efforts to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have not resulted in a final peace agreement. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have been signed.
In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy[neutrality is disputed] with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 32nd-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2017. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. Israel has the highest standard of living in the Middle East, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.
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