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Item: i75186 |
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Germany – 200th Year of Death of Friedrich von Schiller
Ludwig van Beethoven said that a great poem is more difficult to set to music than a merely good one because the composer must rise higher than the poet – “who can do that in the case of Schiller? In this respect Goethe is much easier,” wrote Beethoven. There are relatively few famous musical settings of Schiller’s poems. Notable exceptions are Beethoven’s setting of “An die Freude” (Ode to Joy) in the final movement of his Ninth Symphony, Johannes Brahms’ choral setting of “Nänie” and “Des Mädchens Klage” by Franz Schubert, who set 44 of Schiller’s poems as Lieder, mostly for voice and piano, also including “Die Bürgschaft”. In 2005 Graham Waterhouse set Der Handschuh (The Glove) for cello and speaking voice. The Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi admired Schiller greatly and adapted several of his stage plays for his operas: I masnadieri is based on The Robbers; Giovanna d’Arco on The Maid of Orleans; Luisa Miller on Intrigue and Love; La forza del destino is based partly on Wallenstein; and Don Carlos on the play of the same title. Donizetti’s Maria Stuarda is based on Mary Stuart, and Rossini’s Guillaume Tell is an adaptation of William Tell. Nicola Vaccai’s Giovanna d’Arco (1827) is based on The Maid of Orleans and his La sposa di Messina (1839) on The Bride of Messina. Tchaikovsky’s 1881 opera The Maid of Orleans is partly based on Schiller’s work. The 20th-century composer Giselher Klebe adapted The Robbers for his first opera of the same name, which premiered in 1957.
In the 21st century, Germany is a great power and has the world’s fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP, as well as the fifth-largest by PPP. As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the world’s third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a developed country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled and productive society. It upholds a social security and universal health care system, environmental protection and a tuition free university education. Germany was a founding member of the European Union in 1993. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999. Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world. Known for its rich cultural history, Germany has been continuously the home of influential artists, philosophers, musicians, sportsmen, entrepreneurs, scientists and inventors. |
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