ARADOS in PHOENICIA 185BC Zeus Ram of Galley Ship Ancient Greek Coin i56490

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Item: i56490

 

 Authentic Ancient

Coin of:

Greek city of
Arados
in
Phoenicia

 Bronze 15mm (3.31 grams) Struck circa 185-139 B.C.
Reference: Sear 6001; HGC 10, 88;  B.M.C.26.17,111-12; Cf. BMC Phoenicia 104
Head of Zeus right.
Triple-pointed ram of galley left; above, Phoenician letters; beneath,
Phoenician date.

 An important city of northern Phoenicia, Arados itself occupied an island but it controlled an extensive area on the

mainland.

You are bidding on the exact

item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime

Guarantee of Authenticity.


A
galley  is a type
of ship
propelled by
rowers
that originated in the eastern
Mediterranean Sea
and was used for
warfare
,
trade
and
piracy
from the first millennium BC. Galleys
dominated
naval warfare
in the Mediterranean from the 8th
century BC until development of advanced sailing warships in the 17th century.
Galleys fought in the wars of
Assyria
, ancient
Phoenicia
,
Greece
,
Carthage
and
Rome
until the 4th century AD. After the fall
of the
Western Roman Empire
galleys formed the
mainstay of the
Byzantine navy
and other navies of successors
of the Roman Empire, as well as new
Muslim
navies. Medieval Mediterranean states,
notably the Italian maritime republics, including
Venice
,
Pisa
,
Genoa
and the
Ottoman Empire
relied on them as the primary
warships of their fleets until the 17th century, when they were gradually
replaced by sailing warships. Galleys continued to be applied in minor roles in
the Mediterranean and the
Baltic Sea
even after the introduction of
steam propelled
ships in the early 19th
century.

The galley engagements at
Actium
and
Lepanto
are among the greatest
naval battles
in history.


In

Roman mythology

,

Jupiter
or

Jove was the

king of the gods

, and the god of

sky and

thunder
. He

is

the equivalent of Zeus

in the

Greek pantheon

. He was called Iuppiter (or Diespiter)

Optimus Maximus (“Father God the Best and Greatest”). As the patron deity of

ancient

Rome
, he ruled over laws and social order. He was the chief god of the

Capitoline Triad

, with sister/wife

Juno

. Jupiter is also the father of the god

Mars

with Juno. Therefore, Jupiter is the grandfather of

Romulus and Remus

, the legendary founders of Rome. Jupiter was venerated in

ancient Roman religion

, and is still venerated in

Roman Neopaganism

. He is a son of

Saturn

, along with brothers

Neptune

and

Pluto

.

He is also the brother/husband of

Ceres

(daughter of Saturn and mother of

Proserpina
),

brother of Veritas

(daughter of Saturn), and father of

Mercury

.

Arwad (Arabic:

أرواد‎) – formerly known as Arado (Greek:

Άραδο), Arados (Greek: Άραδος),

Arvad, Arpad, Arphad, and Antiochia in Pieria (Greek:

Αντιόχεια της Πιερίας), also called Ruad Island – located in the

Mediterranean Sea

, is the only inhabited island in

Syria
. The town

of Arwad takes up the entire island. It is located 3 km from

Tartus
, Syria’s

largest port. Today, it is mainly a fishing town. (Arados was also a Greek name

for Muharraq

near Bahrain
.)

Ancient history

The island was settled in the early 2nd millennium BC by the

Phoenicians
.

Under Phoenician control, it became an independent kingdom called Arvad or

Jazirat (the latter term meaning “island”). The Phoenician name for the city was
probably (Aynook).

In Greek it was known as Arados. The city also appears in ancient sources as

Arpad and Arphad.

The city was renamed Antiochia in Pieria by

Antiochus I Soter

. The island was important as a base for commercial

ventures into the

Orontes

valley.

Arvad was an island city off the coast of Syria some 30 miles north of

Tripolis

. It was a barren rock covered with fortifications and houses

several stories in height. The island was about 800 feet long by 500 feet wide,

surrounded by a massive wall, and an artificial harbor was constructed on the

east toward the mainland. It developed into a trading city in early times, as

did most of the Phoenician cities on this coast. It had a powerful navy, and its

ships are mentioned in the monuments of

Egypt
and

Assyria
. It

seems to have had a sort of hegemony over the northern Phoenician cities, from

the mouth of the Orontes to the northern limits of Lebanon, something like that

of Sidon in the south. It had its own local dynasty and coinage, and some of the

names of its kings have been recovered.

Its inhabitants are mentioned in the early lists of

Genesis

(10:18), and

Ezekiel

(27:8,11) refers to its seamen and soldiers in the service of

Tyre. It brought

under its authority some of the neighboring cities on the mainland, such as

Marathos
and

Simyra, the former nearly opposite the island and the latter some miles to the

south. Thutmose III

, of Egypt, took it in his campaign in north Syria (1472 BC) and

it is noticed in the campaigns of

Ramesses

II
in the early part of the 13th century BC (Breasted, Ancient Records).

It is also mentioned in the

Tell el-Amarna

Letters as being in league with the

Amorites
in

their attacks on the Egyptian possessions in Syria (44 and 28, B.M. Tell el-Amarna

Letters). About the year 1200 or later, it was sacked by invaders from Asia

Minor or the islands, as were most of the cities on the coast (Paton, Syria

and Palestine, 145) but it recovered when they were driven back. Its

maritime importance is indicated by the inscriptions of the Assyrian kings.

Tiglath-pileser I

(circa 1020) boasts that he sailed in the ships of Arvad.

Ashurnasirpal II

(circa 876) made it tributary, but it revolted, and we find

200 men of Arvad mentioned among the allies of

Hadadezer

of Aram Damascus

at the

Battle of Qarqar

, when all Syria seems to have been in league against

Shalmaneser II

(circa 854). At this time the king of Arvad was Mattan Baal.

It was afterward tributary to

Tiglath-pileser III

and

Sennacherib

, the king who paid it to the latter being Abd-ilihit (circa

701). Ashurbanipal

(circa 664) compelled its king Yakinlu to submit and send one

of his daughters to become a member of the royal harem (Rawlinson, Phoenicia,

456-57). Under the Persians Arvad was allowed to unite in a confederation with

Sidon and Tyre, with a common council at Tripolis (ibid, 484). When

Alexander the Great

invaded Syria in 332 BC Arvad submitted without a

struggle under her king Strato, who sent his navy to aid Alexander in the

reduction of Tyre. It seems to have received the favor of the Seleucid kings of

Syria and enjoyed the right of asylum for political refugees. It is mentioned in

a rescript from Rome about 138 BC, in connection with other cities and rulers of

the East, to show favor to the Jews. It was after Rome had begun to interfere in

the affairs of Judea and Syria, and indicates that Arvad was of considerable

importance at that time.

Crusades history

During the time of the

Crusades
,

the island of Ruad was used as

bridgehead

or staging area by the Crusaders, as they attempted to retake

Tortosa
after

they lost the city in 1291.

In the end of 1300, a message came from the Mongol leader

Ghazan
asking

to coordinate operations, inviting the Cypriots to meet him in Armenia.

The Cypriots then prepared a land-based force of approximately 600 men: 300

under

Amalric of Lusigan

, son of

Hugh III of Cyprus

, and similar contingents from the Templars and

Hospitallers.

The men and their horses were ferried from Cyprus to a staging area on the

island of

Ruad

, a mile off the coast of

Tortosa

.

From there, they had a certain amount of success attacking Tortosa (some sources

say they engaged in raids, others that they captured the city), but when the

hoped-for Mongol reinforcements were delayed (sources differ on whether the

delay was caused by weather or illness), the Crusaders had to retreat to Ruad.

When the Mongols still did not appear, the majority of the Christian forces

returned to Cyprus, though they left a garrison on Ruad which was manned by

rotating groups of different Cypriot forces. Pope

Clement V

formally awarded the island to the Knights Templar, and it was the

last piece of land that the Crusaders maintained in the Holy Land, as they were

fighting a losing battle against the Muslims.

A few months later, in February 1301, the Mongols did arrive with a force of

60,000, but could do little else than engage in some raids around Syria. Kutluka

(Qutlugh-Shah for the Mongols, Cotelesse in Frank sources) stationed 20,000

horsemen in the

Jordan valley

to protect Damas, where a Mongol governor was stationed.

Soon however, they had to withdraw.

The garrison on Ruad Island was being manned by Templars at the time: 120

knights, 500 bowmen and 400 Syrian helpers, under the Templar

Maréchal

(Commander-in-Chief)

Barthélemy de Quincy

. In September 1302 a Mamluk fleet landed a force,

starting the

Siege of Ruad

. The Crusaders finally had to surrender on September 26, 1302,

following a promise of safe conduct.

The promise was not honoured, and all the bowmen and Syrian helpers were killed,

and the Templar knights sent to Cairo prisons.


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