Item: i112845

Authentic Coin of:

France
General Jacques Delmas de Grammont
Circa 1854 Silver 38mm (27.04 grams)
GENERAL DELMAS DE GRAMMONT LOI DU 2 JUILLET 1850, Jacques facing left.
SOCIETE PROTECTRICE DES ANIMAUX A LYON FOUNDEE EN 1854, Lion with sword facing left.

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Jacques Delmas de Gramont, (actually spelled Grammont) born July 22, 1796 in La Sauvetat-du-Dropt, died June 13, 1862 in Miramont-de-Guyenne4, was a deputy in the legislative elections of 1849, favorable to Napoleon III5. Often confused with his contemporary and namesake the Duke Agénor de Gramont (1819-1880), ephemeral Foreign Minister of Napoleon III from May to September 1870. Jacques Delmas de Grammont, who was neither duke nor minister but general and deputy, is famous for having had the National Legislative Assembly vote, on July 2, 1850, a law known as the Grammont law: “Will be punished by a fine of five to fifteen francs, and may be punished by one to five days in prison, those who have publicly and abusively abused domestic animals. “. It will be supplemented by law no. 51-461 of April 24, 1951. This law will be repealed by decree no. According to Claude Popelin8: “The author of this animal protection law, the Duke of Gramont, minister of Napoleon III, did not hesitate to preside over the first bullfights in Bayonne alongside Empress Eugénie de Montijo. » It is wrong to attribute to General de Grammont the paternity of the Society for the Protection of Animals, created in 1845 by its first president, Doctor Étienne Pariset. On the other hand, as a cavalry officer, in 1850 he founded the French League for the Protection of the Horse, which still exists.

France, officially the French Republic (French: République française), is a sovereign state comprising territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European part of France, called Metropolitan France, extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. France spans 640,679 square kilometres (247,368 sq mi) and has a total population of 67 million. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country’s largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. The Constitution of France establishes the state as secular and democratic, with its sovereignty derived from the people.

During the Iron Age, what is now Metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The Gauls were conquered in 51 BC by the Roman Empire, which held Gaul until 486. The Gallo-Romans faced raids and migration from the Germanic Franks, who dominated the region for hundreds of years, eventually creating the medieval Kingdom of France. France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years’ War (1337 to 1453) strengthening French state-building and paving the way for a future centralized absolute monarchy. During the Renaissance, France experienced a vast cultural development and established the beginning of a global colonial empire. The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots).

France became Europe’s dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV. French philosophers played a key role in the Age of Enlightenment during the 18th century. In 1778, France became the first and the main ally of the new United States in the American Revolutionary War. In the late 18th century, the absolute monarchy was overthrown in the French Revolution. Among its legacies was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, one of the earliest documents on human rights, which expresses the nation’s ideals to this day. France became one of modern history’s earliest republics until Napoleon took power and launched the First French Empire in 1804. Fighting against a complex set of coalitions during the Napoleonic Wars, he dominated European affairs for over a decade and had a long-lasting impact on Western culture. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments: the monarchy was restored, it was replaced in 1830 by a constitutional monarchy, then briefly by a Second Republic, and then by a Second Empire, until a more lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870. By the 1905 law, France adopted a strict form of secularism, called laïcité, which has become an important federative principle in the modern French society.

France reached its territorial height during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when it ultimately possessed the second-largest colonial empire in the world. In World War I, France was one of the main winners as part of the Triple Entente alliance fighting against the Central Powers. France was also one of the Allied Powers in World War II, but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War. The Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Following World War II, most of the empire became decolonized.

Throughout its long history, France has been a leading global center of culture, making significant contributions to art, science, and philosophy. It hosts Europe’s third-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites (after Italy and Spain) and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, the most of any country in the world. France remains a great power with significant cultural, economic, military, and political influence. It is a developed country with the world’s sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and eight-largest by purchasing power parity. According to Credit Suisse, France is the fourth wealthiest nation in the world in terms of aggregate household wealth. It also possesses the world’s second-largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ), covering 11,035,000 square kilometres (4,261,000 sq mi).

French citizens enjoy a high standard of living, and the country performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, civil liberties, and human development. France is a founding member of the United Nations, where it serves as one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council. It is a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and La Francophonie. France is a founding and leading member state of the European Union (EU).