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Greek city of
Perge
in
Pamphylia
Bronze 16mm (3.96 grams) Struck 2nd-1st Century B.C.
Reference: SNGCop 301
Wreathed head of
Artemis
right.
ΑΡΤΕΜΙΔΑΣ ΠΕΡΓΑΙΑΣ,
Artemis
standing left, stag at feet.
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Artemis was one of
the most widely venerated of the Ancient Greek deities. Some scholars believe
that the name, and indeed the goddess herself, was originally pre-Greek. Homer
refers to her as Artemis Agrotera,
Potnia Theron
< Artemis of the wildland,
Mistress of Animals”. In the classical period of
Greek mythology
, Artemis (Greek:
(nominative)
Ἄρτεμις, (genitive)
Ἀρτέμιδος) was often
described as the daughter of
Zeus and Leto
, and the twin sister of
Apollo
. She was the Hellenic goddess of the
hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity and young girls, bringing
and relieving disease in women; she often was depicted as a huntress carrying a
bow and arrows. The deer
and the
cypress
were sacred to her. In later
Hellenistic times, she even assumed the ancient role of
Eileithyia
in aiding childbirth.
Artemis later became identified with
Selene
, a
Titaness
who was a Greek moon goddess,
sometimes depicted with a crescent moon above her head. She was also identified
with the Roman goddess
Diana
, with the
Etruscan
goddess
Artume
, and with the Greek or
Carian
goddess
Hecate
.
Perga or Perge (Greek:
Πέργη Perge,
Turkish
: Perge)
was an ancient Greek city in
Anatolia
, once the capital of
Pamphylia Secunda
, now in
Antalya province
on the southwestern
Mediterranean coast of
Turkey
. Today it is a large site of ancient
ruins 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of
Antalya
on the coastal plain. Located there is
an acropolis
dating back to the
Bronze Age
.
Overview of Perga
The
agora
Historyry
Alexander’s was followed by the
Diadochi
empire of the
Seleucids
.
In 46 A.D., according to the
Acts of the Apostles
,
St. Paul
journeyed to Perga, from there
continued on to Antiocheia in Pisidia, then returned to Perga where he preached
the word of God (Acts 14:25). Then he left the city and went to Attaleia.
In the first half of the 4th century, during the reign of
Constantine the Great
(324-337), Perga became
an important centre of Christianity, which soon became the official religion of
the Roman Empire. The city retained its status as a Christian centre in the 5h
and 6th centuries.
Ecclesiastical history
St. Paul the Apostle
and his companion St.
Barnabas, twice visited Perga as recorded in the biblical book, the Acts of the
Apostles, during their first missionary journey, where they “preached the word”
before heading for and sailing from
Attalia
(modern-day Antalya city), 15
kilometres (9.3 mi) to the southwest, to Antioch.
Paul and Barnabas came to Perge during their first missionary journey, but
probably stayed there only a short time, and do not seem to have preached there;
it was there that John Mark left Paul to return to Jerusalem. On his return from
Pisidia
Paul preached at Perge.
The Greek
Notitiae episcopatuum
mentions the city as
metropolis
of Pamphylia Secunda until the 13th
century.
Le Quien
gives the names of 11 of its bishops:
Epidaurus, present at the
Council of Ancyra
in 312; Callicles at the
First Council of Nicaea
in 325; Berenianus, at
Constantinople (426); Epiphanius at the
Second Council of Ephesus
(449), at the First
Council of Chalcedon (451), and a signatory of the letter from the bishops of
the province to Emperor Leo (458); Hilarianus, at a council at Constantinople in
536; Eulogius, at the
Second Council of Constantinople
in 553;
Apergius, condemned as a
Monothelite
at the
Third Council of Constantinople
in 680; John,
at the
Trullan council
in 692; Sisinnius Pastillas
about 754 (an [[Byzantine iconoclasm|iconoclast who was condemned at the
Second Council of Nicaea
in 787); Constans, at
the same council of that condemned his predecessor; John, at the
Council of Constantinople of 869–70
.
No longer a residential, the bishopric is included in the
Catholic Church
‘s list of
titular sees
.
Remains
Perga is today an archaeological site and a tourist attraction, commonly
called Eski Kalessi. Ancient Perge, one of the chief cities of Pamphylia,
was situated between the Rivers Catarrhactes (Duden sou) and
Cestrus (Ak sou)
, 60 stadia (about 11.1
kilometres (6.9 mi)) from the mouth of the latter; the site is in the modern
Turkish village of Murtana on the Suridjik sou, a tributary of the Cestrus,
formerly in the Ottoman
vilayet of Koniah
. Its ruins include a theatre,
a
palæstra
, a temple of
Artemis
and two churches. The
temple of Artemis
was located outside the town.
<span class="mw-headline" id="NotablesNotables
- Perga’s most celebrated ancient inhabitant, the mathematician
Apollonius (c.262 BC – c.190 BC), lived and
worked there. He wrote a series of eight books describing a family of curves
known as
conic sections
, comprising the
circle
,
ellipse
,
parabola
, and
hyperbola
.
Pillars of the agora
Roman theatre
Palaestra
in front of the Roman baths
Caldarium
in the Roman baths
Hellenistic city gate
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