Klazomenai in Ionia 380BC Authetic Ancient Greek Coins Apollo Cult Swan i49604

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Item: i49604

 

Authentic Ancient

Coin of:

Greek city of

Klazomenai in

Ionia
Bronze 11mm (1.17 grams)

Struck circa 380-300 B.C.
Reference: Sear 4331; B.M.C. 14.23,46
Laureate head of Apollo left.
HPAKΛΕΙΔΗΣ, Swan standing left, wings spread;
before, forepart of winged boar left.

Situated on the southern shores
of the Gulf of Smyrna, Klazomenai was the birthplace of the philosopher
Anaxagoras.

You are bidding on the exact item pictured,

provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of

Authenticity.

2nd century AD Roman statue of Apollo depicting the god's attributes—the lyre and the snake Python

In

Greek

and

Roman mythology

, Apollo
,

is one of the most important and diverse of the

Olympian deities

. The ideal of the

kouros
(a

beardless youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the

sun; truth and prophecy;

archery
;

medicine and healing; music, poetry, and the arts; and more. Apollo is the son

of Zeus
and

Leto, and has a

twin

sister, the chaste huntress

Artemis
.

Apollo is known in Greek-influenced

Etruscan mythology

as Apulu. Apollo was worshiped in both

ancient Greek

and

Roman religion

, as well as in the modern

Greco

Roman

Neopaganism

.

As the patron of Delphi

(Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an

oracular

god — the prophetic deity of the

Delphic Oracle
.

Medicine and healing were associated with Apollo, whether through the god

himself or mediated through his son

Asclepius
,

yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly

plague

as well as one who had the ability to cure. Amongst the god’s

custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion over

colonists

, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. As the leader of

the Muses
(Apollon

Musagetes) and director of their choir, Apollo functioned as the patron god

of music and poetry
.

Hermes
created

the lyre
for him,

and the instrument became a common

attribute

of Apollo. Hymns sung to Apollo were called

paeans
.

In Hellenistic times, especially during the third century BCE, as Apollo

Helios he became identified among Greeks with

Helios
,

god of

the sun
, and his sister Artemis similarly equated with

Selene
,

goddess

of the moon
.

In Latin texts, on the other hand, Joseph Fontenrose declared himself unable to

find any conflation of Apollo with

Sol

among the

Augustan poets

of the first century, not even in the conjurations of

Aeneas
and

Latinus
in

Aeneid
XII

(161–215).

Apollo and Helios/Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological

texts until the third century CE.


Klazomenai (also spelled Clazomenae,

Greek

:

Κλαζομεναί

, modern-day Kilizman in

Urla

near İzmir
in

Turkey
) was an

ancient Greek city of Ionia

and a member of the

Ionian Dodecapolis

(Confederation of Twelve Cities), it was one of the first

cities to issue silver coinage.

//

Map of Aegean side of Anatolia showing the location of Klazomenai

Klazomenai is located in modern Urla (Vourla in Greek) on the western

coast of Anatolia

, on the southern coast of the

Gulf

of İzmir
, at about 20 miles west of İzmir. The city was originally located

on the mainland, but probably during the early fifth-century

Ionian Revolt

from the

Persians

, it was moved to an island just off the coast, which

Alexander the Great

eventually connected to the mainland with a causeway.

The location of the city-around a harbour, backed by a coastal plain and low

hills to the south provided a number of locations for settlement, and as such,

settlements did shift from location to location over time. This can be shown by

the island of Karantina, located to the north of the settlement area-which

became settled at certain points in the history of Klazomenai.

 Mythology

The principal god of the city was

Apollo
.

According to myth, swans drew the chariot in which Apollo every year flew south

from his winter home in the land of the

Hyperboreans

. But Klazomenai was also home to large numbers of swans, and it

is thought that the verb klazo was used to describe the call of the wild

birds. The swan on the obverse is both an attribute of

Apollo
and a

pun on the name Klazomenai.

 Ancient

times

Though not in existence before the arrival of the

Ionians
in

Asia, its original founders were largely settlers from

Phlius
and

Cleonae
. It

stood originally on the

isthmus

connecting the mainland with the peninsula on which

Erythrae

stood; but the inhabitants, alarmed by the encroachments of the

Persians

, removed to one of the small islands of the bay, and there

established their city. This island was connected with the mainland by

Alexander the Great

by means of a pier, the remains of which are still

visible.

During the 5th century it was for some time subject to the

Athenians
, but

about the middle of the

Peloponnesian War

(412 BC) it revolted. After a brief resistance, however,

it again acknowledged the Athenian supremacy, and repelled a

Lacedaemonian

attack. In 387 BC Klazomenai and other cities in Asia were

taken over by

Persia

, but the city continued to issue its own coins.

Under the Romans Clazomenae was included in the province of Asia, and enjoyed

an immunity from

taxation

.

Klazomenai is today perhaps best-known as the birthplace of the philosopher

Anaxagoras
,

often styled “Anaxagoras of Clazomenae”.

 Archaeology

The site of Liman Tepe, which lies near an old harbor contains very important

Bronze Age excavations, the most prominent and remarkable of which is the amount

of varying archaic burial sites, as well as evidence of the practises associated

with them close by. One possible explanation for this is that these sites were

used by different social groups within society.

The city was famous for production and exports of olive oil and its painted

terracotta

sarcophagi

, which are the finest monuments of Ionian painting in the 6th

century BC.

It was also prized for its variety of

garum
.

 Ancient

olive press

Olive oil extraction

installation (işlik) dating back to the third

quarter of the 6th century BC uncovered in Klazomenai is the only surviving

example of a level and weights press from an ancient Greek city and precedes by

at least two centuries the next securely datable earliest presses found in

Greece. It

was restored and reconstructed in 2004-2005 through collaboration between

Ege

University
, a Turkish olive-oil exporter and a

German

natural building components company, as well as by local artisans, on the basis

of the clearly visible

millstone

with a cylindrical roller and three separation pits. The olive oil obtained

turned out to be quite a success in business terms as well.

 Financial

pioneers

In an event noted by

Aristotle
,

Klazomenians also appear as financial pioneers in

economic history

, for having used one

commodity

(olive oil), in an organized manner and on a city-scale, to purchase

another (wheat), with

interests

refundable on the value of the first. Around 350 B.C., suffering

from a shortage of grain and scarcity of funds, the rulers of the city passed a

resolution calling on citizens who had stores of olive oil to lend to the city

at interest. The loan arranged, they hired vessels and sent them to ports of

exportation of grain and bought a

consignment

on the pledged security of the value of the oil.


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