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Philip II – Caesar: 244-247 & Roman Emperor: 247-249 A.D.
Bronze Tetrassarion 28mm (14.78 grams) of Cyrrhus in Cyrrhestica
Reference: Butcher 21c
YTOK K M IOYΛI ΦΙΛΙΠΠOC CЄB Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Philip II to right.
ΔIOC KATЄBATOY / KYPHCTΩN Hexastyle temple, containing Zeus Kataibates seated facing, holding thunderbolt in his right hand and scepter in his left; at feet to left, eagle; above pediment, ram leaping right.
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 In the ancient Greek religion, Zeus was the “Father of Gods and men” who ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus as a father ruled the family. He was the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology. His Roman counterpart is Jupiter and Etruscan counterpart is Tinia.
Zeus was the child of Cronus and Rhea, and the youngest of his siblings. In most traditions he was married to Hera, although, at the oracle of Dodona, his consort was Dione: according to the Iliad, he is the father of Aphrodite by Dione. He is known for his erotic escapades. These resulted in many godly and heroic offspring, including Athena, Apollo and Artemis, Hermes, Persephone (by Demeter), Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Minos, and the Muses (by Mnemosyne); by Hera, he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Hebe and Hephaestus.
As Walter Burkert points out in his book, Greek Religion, “Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence.” For the Greeks, he was the King of the Gods, who oversaw the universe. As Pausanias observed, “That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men”. In Hesiod’s Theogony Zeus assigns the various gods their roles. In the Homeric Hymns he is referred to as the chieftain of the gods.
His symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical “cloud-gatherer” also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the Ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses: standing, striding forward, with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand, or seated in majesty.
 Philip II – 247-249 A.D.
Caesar: 244-247 A.D. (under Philip I) | Augustus: 247-249 A.D. (with Philip I)
Son of Philip I ‘The Arab’ and Otacilia Severa | Grandson of Julius Marinus
Marcus Julius Philippus Severus, also known as Philippus II, Philip II and Philip the Younger (238-249) was the son and heir of the Roman Emperor Philip the Arab by his wife Roman Empress Marcia Otacilia Severa. According to numismatic evidence, he had a sister called Julia Severa or Severina, whom the ancient Roman sources do not mention.
When his father became emperor in 244 he was appointed Caesar. Philippus was consul in 247 and 248. His father was killed in battle by his successor Decius in 249. When news of this death reached Rome, he was murdered by the Praetorian Guard. He died in his mother’s arms. When he died, he was eleven years old.
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