SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS 210AD Ancient Roman Coin Victory Cult Angel i39604

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Item: i39604

 

Authentic Ancient

Coin of:



Septimius Severus

Roman Emperor
: 193-211 A.D. –

Silver Denarius 17mm (3.50 grams) Rome mint: 210-211 A.D.
Reference: RIC 423
IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head right
 VICTOR AVG, winged

Victory
 advancing right
with trophy.

You are bidding on the exact item pictured,

provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of

Authenticity. 


File:Berlin - Siegessäule Spitze.jpg

In
ancient Roman religion
, Victoria was the
personified
goddess of victory. She is the
Roman equivalent
of the
Greek goddess

Nike
, and was associated with
Bellona
. She was adapted from the
Sabine
agricultural goddess
Vacuna
and had a
temple
on the
Palatine Hill
. The goddess
Vica Pota
was also sometimes identified with
Victoria.

Unlike the Greek
Nike
, the goddess Victoria (Latin
for “victory”) was a major part of Roman society. Multiple temples were erected
in her honor. When her statue was removed in 382 CE by Emperor
Gratianus
there was much anger in Rome. She was
normally worshiped by
triumphant
generals returning from war.

Also unlike the Greek Nike, who was known for success in athletic games such
as
chariot races
, Victoria was a symbol of victory
over death and determined who would be successful during war.

Victoria appears widely on Roman coins, jewelry, architecture, and other
arts. She is often seen with or in a
chariot
, as in the late 18th-century sculpture
representing Victory in a
quadriga
on the
Brandenburg Gate
in
Berlin
, Germany; “Il Vittoriano
in Rome has two.

Winged figures, very often in pairs, representing victory and referred to as
“victories”, were common in Roman official iconography, typically hovering high
in a composition, and often filling spaces in
spandrels
or other gaps in architecture. These
represent the spirit of victory rather than the goddess herself. They continued
to appear after Christianization of the Empire, and slowly mutated into
Christian angels
.


Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) (April 11,

145/146-February 4, 211) was a

Roman

general, and

Roman

Emperor
from April 14, 193 to 211. He was born in what is now the

Berber
part of

Rome’s historic

Africa Province

.

Septimius Severus was born and raised at

Leptis

Magna
(modern Berber

, southeast of

Carthage
,

modern Tunisia
).

Severus came from a wealthy, distinguished family of

equestrian

rank. Severus was of

Italian

Roman ancestry on his mother’s side and of

Punic

or

Libyan

-Punic

ancestry on his father’s. Little is known of his father,

Publius Septimius Geta

, who held no major political status but had two

cousins who served as consuls under emperor

Antoninus Pius

. His mother, Fulvia Pia’s family moved from

Italy
to

North

Africa
and was of the

Fulvius
gens,

an ancient and politically influential clan, which was originally of

plebeian

status. His siblings were a younger

Publius Septimius Geta

and Septimia Octavilla. Severus’s maternal cousin was

Praetorian Guard

and consul

Gaius Fulvius Plautianus

.

In 172, Severus was made a

Senator

by the then emperor

Marcus Aurelius

. In 187 he married secondly

Julia

Domna
. In 190 Severus became

consul
, and in

the following year received from the emperor

Commodus

(successor to Marcus Aurelius) the command of the

legions

in Pannonia
.

On the murder of

Pertinax
by

the troops in 193, they proclaimed Severus Emperor at

Carnuntum
,

whereupon he hurried to Italy. The former emperor,

Didius Julianus

, was condemned to death by the Senate and killed, and

Severus took possession of Rome without opposition.

The legions of

Syria

, however, had proclaimed

Pescennius Niger

emperor. At the same time, Severus felt it was reasonable

to offer

Clodius Albinus

, the powerful governor of Britannia who had probably

supported Didius against him, the rank of Caesar, which implied some claim to

succession. With his rearguard safe, he moved to the East and crushed Niger’s

forces at the

Battle of Issus

. The following year was devoted to suppressing Mesopotamia

and other Parthian vassals who had backed Niger. When afterwards Severus

declared openly his son

Caracalla

as successor, Albinus was hailed emperor by his troops and moved to Gallia.

Severus, after a short stay in Rome, moved northwards to meet him. On

February

19
, 197
,

in the

Battle of Lugdunum

, with an army of 100,000 men, mostly composed of

Illyrian
,

Moesian
and

Dacian
legions,

Severus defeated and killed Clodius Albinus, securing his full control over the

Empire.

Emperor

Severus was at heart a

soldier
, and

sought glory through military exploits. In 197 he waged a brief and successful

war against the

Parthian Empire

in retaliation for the support given to Pescennius Niger.

The Parthian capital

Ctesiphon

was sacked by the legions, and the northern half of

Mesopotamia

was restored to Rome.

His relations with the

Roman

Senate
were never good. He was unpopular with them from the outset, having

seized power with the help of the military, and he returned the sentiment.

Severus ordered the execution of dozens of Senators on charges of corruption and

conspiracy

against him, replacing them with his own favorites.

He also disbanded the

Praetorian Guard

and replaced it with one of his own, made up of 50,000

loyal soldiers mainly camped at

Albanum

, near Rome (also probably to grant the emperor a kind of centralized

reserve). During his reign the number of legions was also increased from 25/30

to 33. He also increased the number of auxiliary corps (numerii), many of

these troops coming from the Eastern borders. Additionally the annual wage for a

soldier was raised from 300 to 500

denarii
.

Although his actions turned Rome into a military

dictatorship

, he was popular with the citizens of Rome, having stamped out

the rampant corruption of Commodus’s reign. When he returned from his victory

over the Parthians, he erected the

Arch of Septimius Severus

in Rome.

According to Cassius Dio,

however, after 197 Severus fell heavily under the influence of his Praetorian

Prefect,

Gaius Fulvius Plautianus

, who came to have almost total control of most

branches of the imperial administration. Plautianus’s daughter,

Fulvia Plautilla

, was married to Severus’s son, Caracalla. Plautianus’s

excessive power came to an end in 205, when he was denounced by the Emperor’s

dying brother and killed.

The two following praefecti, including the jurist

Aemilius Papinianus

, received however even larger powers.

Campaigns in Caledonia (Scotland)

Starting from 208 Severus undertook a number of military actions in

Roman

Britain
, reconstructing

Hadrian’s Wall

and campaigning in

Scotland
.

He reached the area of the

Moray

Firth
in his last campaign in Caledonia, as was called Scotland by
the Romans..

In 210 obtained a peace with the

Picts
that lasted

practically until the final withdrawal of the Roman legions from Britain,

before falling severely ill in

Eboracum
(York).

Death

He is famously said to have given the advice to his sons: “Be harmonious,

enrich the soldiers, and scorn all other men” before he died at Eboracum on

February 4
,

211. Upon his death in 211, Severus was

deified

by the Senate and succeeded by his sons,

Caracalla

and

Geta

, who were advised by his wife

Julia

Domna
. The stability Severus provided the Empire was soon gone under their reign.

Accomplishments and Record

Though his military expenditure was costly to the empire, Severus was the

strong, able ruler that Rome needed at the time. He began a tradition of

effective emperors elevated solely by the military. His policy of an expanded

and better-rewarded army was criticized by his contemporary

Dio Cassius

and

Herodianus

: in particular, they pointed out the increasing burden (in the

form of taxes and services) the civilian population had to bear to maintain the

new army.

Severus was also distinguished for his buildings. Apart from the triumphal

arch in the Roman Forum carrying his full name, he also built the

Septizodium

in Rome and enriched greatly his native city of

Leptis

Magna
(including another triumphal arch on the occasion of his visit of

203).

Severus and Christianity

Christians were

persecuted

during the reign of Septimus Severus. Severus allowed the

enforcement of policies already long-established, which meant that Roman

authorities did not intentionally seek out Christians, but when people were

accused of being Christians they could either curse

Jesus
and make an

offering to

Roman gods

, or be executed. Furthermore, wishing to strengthen the peace by

encouraging religious harmony through

syncretism
,

Severus tried to limit the spread of the two quarrelsome groups who refused to

yield to syncretism by outlawing

conversion

to Christianity or

Judaism
.

Individual officials availed themselves of the laws to proceed with rigor

against the Christians. Naturally the emperor, with his strict conception of

law, did not hinder such partial persecution, which took place in

Egypt
and the

Thebaid
, as

well as in

Africa proconsularis

and the East. Christian

martyrs
were

numerous in Alexandria

(cf.

Clement of Alexandria

, Stromata, ii. 20;

Eusebius

, Church History, V., xxvi., VI., i.). No less severe were

the persecutions in Africa, which seem to have begun in 197 or 198 (cf.

Tertullian’s

Ad martyres), and included the Christians known in the

Roman martyrology

as the martyrs of

Madaura
.

Probably in 202 or 203

Felicitas

and

Perpetua

suffered for their faith. Persecution again raged for a short time

under the proconsul

Scapula
in

211, especially in

Numidia
and

Mauritania
.

Later accounts of a Gallic

persecution, especially at

Lyon, are

legendary. In general it may thus be said that the position of the Christians

under Septimius Severus was the same as under the

Antonines
;

but the law of this Emperor at least shows clearly that the

rescript
of

Trajan
had failed to execute its purpose.




The Principate



 Julio-Claudian
dynasty



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


16 January 27 BC to 19 August AD 14



Augustus

 


19 August 14 to 16 March 37



Tiberius

 


18 March 37 to 24 January 41



Caligula


Murdered by Praetorian Guard


24 January 41 to 13 October 54



Claudius


Poisoned by his wife Agrippina, mother of Nero


13 October 54 to 11 June 68



Nero


Made a slave kill him



 Year
of the Four Emperors
(Civil War)



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


8 June 68 to 15 January 69



Galba


Murdered in favour of
Otho


15 January 69 to 16 April 69



Otho


Committed suicide


2 January 69 to 20 December 69



Vitellius


Murdered in favour of
Vespasian



 Flavian
dynasty



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


1 July 69 to 24 June 79



Vespasian

 


24 June 79 to 13 September 81



Titus


Possibly assassinated by Domitian


14 September 81 to 18 September 96



Domitian


Assassinated



 Nervan-Antonian
dynasty


Main article:
Five Good Emperors



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


18 September 96 to 27 January 98



Nerva


Proclaimed emperor by senate


28 January 98 to 7 August 117



Trajan

 


11 August 117 to 10 July 138



Hadrian

 


10 July 138 to 7 March 161



Antoninus Pius

 


7 March 161 to 17 March 180



Marcus Aurelius

 


7 March 161 to March 169



Lucius Verus


Co-emperor with
Marcus Aurelius


175



Avidius Cassius


Usurper; ruled in Egypt and Syria; murdered by his own army


177 to 31 December 192



Commodus


Assassinated



 Year
of the Five Emperors
&
Severan dynasty



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


1 January 193 to 28 March 193



Pertinax


Proclaimed emperor by senate; murdered by Praetorian Guard


28 March 193 to 1 June 193



Didius Julianus


Proclaimed emperor by Praetorian Guard; executed on orders of the Senate


9 April 193 to 4 February 211



Septimius Severus


Proclaimed emperor by
Pannonian
troops; accepted by
senate


193 to 194/195



Pescennius Niger


Proclaimed emperor by Syrian troops, defeated in battle by
Septimius Severus


193/195 to 197



Clodius Albinus


Proclaimed emperor by British troops, defeated in battle by
Septimius Severus


198 to 8 April 217



Caracalla


Assassinated at the behest of
Macrinus


209 to 4 February 211



Geta


Co-emperor with
Caracalla
; assassinated on orders
of
Caracalla


11 April 217 to June 218



Macrinus


Proclaimed himself emperor; executed on orders of
Elagabalus


May 217 to June 218



Diadumenian


Junior co-emperor under
Macrinus
; executed


June 218 to 222



Elagabalus


Proclaimed emperor by army; murdered by his own troops


13 March 222 to ?March 235



Alexander Severus


Murdered by his own troops



 Rulers during the
Crisis of the Third Century



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


February/March 235 to March/April 238



Maximinus Thrax


Proclaimed emperor by the army; murdered by
Praetorian Guard



early
January/March
238 to lateJanuary/April 238



Gordian I


Proclaimed emperor in Africa; committed suicide after
Gordian II
‘s death



early
January
March 238 to lateJanuary/April 238



Gordian II


Proclaimed emperor with
Gordian I
, killed in battle



early
February
238 to earlyMay 238



Pupienus


Proclaimed joint emperor by senate; murdered by
Praetorian Guard



early
February
238 to earlyMay 238



Balbinus


Proclaimed joint emperor by senate; murdered by
Praetorian Guard


May 238 to February 244



Gordian III


Nephew of
Gordian II
; death unclear,
probably murdered


240



Sabinianus


Usurper; proclaimed himself emperor; defeated in battle


February 244 to September/October 249



Philip the Arab


Proclaimed emperor after death of
Gordian III
; killed in battle by
Decius


248



Pacatianus


Usurper; proclaimed himself emperor; murdered by his own soldiers


248 to 249



Iotapianus


Usurper; proclaimed himself emperor in the east; murdered by his own
soldiers


248? or 253?



Silbannacus


Usurper; details essentially unknown


249 to June 251



Decius


Killed in battle


249 to 252



Priscus


Proclaimed himself emperor in the east in opposition to
Decius


250 to 250



Licinianus


Usurper; proclaimed emperor in Rome; rebellion suppressed



early
251
to June 251



Herennius Etruscus


Junior co-emperor under
Decius
; killed in battle


251



Hostilian


Son of
Decius
; died of plague


June 251 to August 253



Gallus


Proclaimed emperor by his troops after Decius’s death; murdered by them
in favour of Aemilianus


July 251 to August 253



Volusianus


Junior co-emperor under
Gallus
; murdered by army


August 253 to October 253



Aemilian


Proclaimed emperor by his troops; murdered by them in favour of
Valerian


253 to June 260



Valerian


Proclaimed emperor by his troops; captured in battle by the
Persians
; died in captivity


253 to September 268



Gallienus


Junior co-emperor under
Valerian
to 260; probably murdered
by his generals


260



Saloninus


Son of
Gallienus
; proclaimed emperor by
army; murdered shortly after by troops of
Postumus


June 260 (or 258)



Ingenuus


Usurper; proclaimed himself emperor after
Valerian
‘s capture; defeated in
battle


260



Regalianus


Usurper; proclaimed emperor after
Ingenuus
‘s defeat; fate unclear


260 to 261



Macrianus Major


Usurper; proclaimed emperor by eastern army; defeated and killed in
battle


260 to 261



Macrianus Minor


Usurper; son of
Macrianus Major
; defeated and
killed in battle


260 to 261



Quietus


Usurper; son of
Macrianus Major
; defeated and
killed in battle


261 to 261 or 262



Mussius Aemilianus


Usurper; proclaimed himself emperor after the defeat of the Macriani;
defeated and executed


268 to 268



Aureolus


Usurper; proclaimed himself emperor after
Gallienus
‘s death; surrendered to
Claudius II Gothicus
; murdered by
Praetorian Guard


268 to August 270



Claudius II Gothicus


Proclaimed emperor by the army


August 270 to September 270



Quintillus


Proclaimed himself emperor; cause of death unclear


August 270 to 275



Aurelian


Proclaimed emperor by army; murdered by the
Praetorian Guard


271 to 271



Septimius


Usurper; proclaimed emperor in
Dalmatia
; killed by his own
soldiers


November/December 275 to July 276



Tacitus


Appointed emperor by the Senate; possibly assassinated


July 276 to September 276



Florianus


Brother of
Tacitus
, proclaimed emperor by the
western army; murdered by his troops


July 276 to lateSeptember 282



Probus


Proclaimed emperor by the eastern army; murdered by his own soldiers in
favour of
Carus


280



Julius Saturninus


Usurper; proclaimed emperor by his troops; then killed by them


280



Proculus


Usurper; proclaimed himself emperor at the request of the people of
Lugdunum
; executed by
Probus


280



Bonosus


Usurper; proclaimed himself emperor; defeated by
Probus
and committed suicide


September 282 to July/August 283



Carus


Proclaimed emperor by Praetorian guard


spring 283 to summer 285



Carinus


Son of Carus; co-emperor with
Numerian
; fate unclear


July/August 283 to November 284



Numerian


Son of Carus; co-emperor with
Carinus
; probably murdered



 Gallic
Empire

260
to 274



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


260 to 268



Postumus


Declared himself emperor after
Valerian
‘s death; killed by his
own troops


268 to 268



Laelianus


Proclaimed himself emperor in opposition to Postumus; defeated and
killed by Postumus


269 to 269



Marius


Proclaimed himself emperor after Postumus’s death


269 to 271



Victorinus


Proclaimed emperor after Marius’s death


270 to 271



Domitianus


Proclaimed himself emperor of the
Gallic Empire


271 to 274



Tetricus I


Nominated heir to Victorinus



 Britannic
Empire

286
to 297



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


286 to 293



Carausius


Declared himself emperor; assassinated by
Allectus


293 to 297



Allectus


Declared himself emperor after
Carausius
‘s death; defeated by
Constantius Chlorus



 Dominate



 Tetrarchy
and
Constantinian dynasty



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


20 November 284 to 1 May 305



Diocletian


Declared emperor by the army after Numerian’s death; Abdicated


1 April 286 to 1 May 305



Maximian


Made co-emperor (‘Augustus’) with
Diocletian
; abdicated


1 May 305 to 25 July 306



Constantius I Chlorus


Made junior co-emperor (‘Caesar’) under
Maximian
; became Augustus after
his abdication


1 May 305 to May 311



Galerius


Made junior co-emperor (‘Caesar’) under
Diocletian
; became Augustus after
his abdication


August 306 to 16 September 307



Severus II


Made junior co-emperor (‘Caesar’) under
Constantius Chlorus
; became
Augustus after his death; executed by
Maxentius


28 October 306 to 28 October 312



Maxentius


Son of
Maximian
; proclaimed Augustus by
Praetorian Guard
; defeated in
battle by
Constantine I



de jure:

307, de facto 312 to 22 May 337



Constantine I


Son of
Constantius Chlorus
; proclaimed
Augustus by army


308
309?/311?



Domitius Alexander


Proclaimed emperor in Africa; defeated in battle by
Maxentius


11 November 308 to 18 September 324



Licinius


Appointed Augustus by
Galerius
; deposed by
Constantine I
and executed


1 May 311 to July/August 313



Maximinus Daia


Made junior co-emperor (‘Caesar’) under
Galerius
; became Augustus after
his death; defeated in battle by Licinius and committed suicide


December 316 to 1 March 317



Valerius Valens


Appointed co-Augustus by
Licinius
; executed by
Licinius


July to 18 September 324



Martinianus


Appointed co-Augustus by
Licinius
; deposed by
Constantine I
and executed


337 to 340



Constantine II


Son of
Constantine I
; co-emperor with his
brothers; killed in battle


337 to 361



Constantius II


Son of
Constantine I
; co-emperor with his
brothers


337 to 350



Constans I


Son of
Constantine I
; co-emperor with his
brothers, killed by
Magnentius


January 350 to 11 August 353



Magnentius


Usurper; proclaimed emperor by the army; defeated by
Constantius II
and committed
suicide



c.

350



Vetranio


Proclaimed himself emperor against
Magnentius
; recognized by
Constantius II
but then deposed



c.

350



Nepotianus


Proclaimed himself emperor against
Magnentius
, defeated and executed
by
Magnentius


November 361 to June 363



Julian


Cousin of
Constantius II
; made Caesar by
Constantius, then proclaimed Augustus by the army; killed in battle


363 to 17 February 364



Jovian


Proclaimed emperor by the army after
Julian
‘s death



 Valentinian
dynasty



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


26 February 364 to 17 November 375



Valentinian I

Valentinian I Coins.htm


Proclaimed emperor by the army after
Jovian
‘s death


28 March 365 to 9 August 378



Valens


Made co-emperor in the east by his brother
Valentinian I
; killed in battle


September 365 to 27 May 366



Procopius


Usurper; Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated and executed by
Valens


24 August 367 to 383



Gratian

Gratian Coins.htm


Son of
Valentinian I
; assassinated


375 to 392



Valentinian II

Valentinian II Coins.htm


Son of
Valentinian I
; deposed by
Arbogast
and died in suspicious
circumstances


383 to 388



Magnus Maximus

Magnus Maximus Coins.htm


Usurper; proclaimed emperor by troops; at one time recognized by
Theodosius I
, but then deposed and
executed



c.
386
to 388



Flavius Victor

Flavius Victor Coins.htm


Son of Magnus Maximus, executed on orders of
Theodosius I


392 to 394



Eugenius

Eugenius Coins.htm


Usurper; proclaimed emperor by army under
Arbogast
; defeated in battle by
Theodosius I



 Theodosian
dynasty



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


379 to 17 January 395



Theodosius I

Theodosius I Coins.htm


Made co-emperor for the east by
Gratian


383 to 408
EAST



Arcadius

Arcadius Coins.htm


Appointed co-emperor with his father
Theodosius I
; sole emperor for the
east from January 395


23 January 393 to 15 August 423
WEST



Honorius

Honorius Coins.htm


Appointed Augustus for the west by his father
Theodosius I


407 to 411
WEST



Constantine III

Constantine III Coins.htm


Usurper; proclaimed emperor in Britain; defeated by
Constantius III


409 to 411
WEST



Constans II

Constans II Coins.htm


Usurper; made emperor by his father
Constantine III
; killed in battle


409 and 414 to 415
WEST



Priscus Attalus

Priscus Attalus Coins.htm


Usurper; twice proclaimed emperor by
Visigoths
under
Alaric
and twice deposed by
Honorius


409 to 411
WEST



Maximus

Maximus Coins.htm


Usurper; proclaimed emperor in Spain; abdicated


411 to 413
WEST



Jovinus

Jovinus Coins.htm


Usurper; proclaimed emperor after
Constantine III
‘s death, executed
by
Honorius


412 to 413
WEST



Sebastianus

Sebastianus Coins.htm


Usurper; appointed co-emperor by
Jovinus
, executed by
Honorius


408 to 450
EAST



Theodosius II

Theodosius II Coins.htm


Son of
Arcadius


421 to 421
WEST



Constantius III

Constantius III Coins.htm


Son-in-law of
Theodosius I
; appointed co-emperor
by
Honorius


423 to 425
WEST



Joannes

Johannes Coins.htm


Proclaimed western emperor, initially undisputed; defeated and executed
by
Theodosius II
in favour of
Valentinian III


425 to 16 March 455
WEST



Valentinian III

Valentinian III Coins.htm


Son of
Constantius III
; appointed emperor
by
Theodosius II
; assassinated



 Western
Roman Empire



Reign



Incumbent



Notes


17 March 455 to 31 May 455



Petronius Maximus

Petronius Maximus Coins.htm


Proclaimed himself emperor after
Valentinian III
‘s death; murdered


June 455 to 17 October 456



Avitus

Avitus Coins.htm


Proclaimed emperor by the
Visigoth
king
Theoderic II
; deposed by
Ricimer


457 to 2 August 461



Majorian

Majorian Coins.htm


Appointed by
Ricimer
; deposed and executed by
Ricimer


461 to 465



Libius Severus

Libius Severus Coins.htm


Appointed by
Ricimer
; deposed and executed by
Ricimer


12 April 467 to 11 July 472



Anthemius

Anthemius Coins.htm


Appointed by
Ricimer
; deposed and executed by
Ricimer


July 472 to 2 November 472



Olybrius

Olybrius Coins.htm


Appointed by
Ricimer


5 March 473 to June 474



Glycerius

Glycerius Coins.htm


Appointed by
Gundobad
; deposed by
Julius Nepos


June 474 to 25 April 480



Julius Nepos

Julius Nepos Coins.htm


Appointed by eastern emperor
Leo I
; deposed in Italy by
Orestes
in 475; continued to be
recognised as lawful emperor in Gaul and Dalmatia until his murder in
480


31 October 475 to 4 September 476



Romulus Augustus

(Romulus
Augustulus
)

Romulus Augustus Coins.htm


Son of
Orestes
; deposed by
Odoacer
; fate unknown


Further information:
Barbarian kings of Italy



 Eastern
Roman Empire

  • For
    the rulers of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the
    Byzantine Empire
    ) after
    Theodosius II
    , see:
    List of Byzantine Emperors


Theodosian dynasty (395–457)

Name Reign Comments
  Theodosius I “the Great”

(Θεοδόσιος Α’ ο Μέγας, Flavius Theodosius)Theodosius
I Coins.htm
19 January 379 –
17 January 395
Born on 11 January 347. Aristocrat and military leader,
brother-in-law of Gratian, who appointed him as emperor of the East.
From 392 until his death sole Roman emperor
  Arcadius

(Αρκάδιος, Flavius Arcadius)Arcadius
Coins.htm
17 January 395 –
1 May 408
Born in 377/378, the eldest son of Theodosius I.
Succeeded upon the death of his father
  Theodosius II

(Θεοδόσιος Β’, Flavius Theodosius)
Theodosius II Coins.htm
1 May 408 –
28 July 450
Born on 10 April 401, the only son of Arcadius.
Succeeded upon the death of his father. As a minor, the praetorian
prefect
Anthemius
was regent in 408–414. He
died in a riding accident

Marcian.jpg
Marcian

(Μαρκιανός, Flavius Valerius Marcianus)

Marcian Coins.htm

450 – January 457 Born in 396. A soldier and
politician, he became emperor after being wed by the Augusta
Pulcheria
, Theodosius II’s sister,
following the latter’s death. Died of
gangrene

Leonid
dynasty (457–518)

Name Reign Comments
  Leo I “the Thracian”

(Λέων Α’ ο Θράξ, Flavius Valerius Leo)

Leo I Coins.htm

7 February 457 –
18 January 474
Born in
Dacia
in 401. A common soldier, he was
chosen by Aspar
, commander-in-chief of the army.
Died of dysentery

Leo (474)-coin.jpg
Leo II

(Λέων Β’, Flavius Leo)

Leo II
Coins.htm

18 January –
17 November 474
Born in 467, the grandson of Leo I. Succeeded upon the
death of Leo I. Died of an unknown disease, possibly poisoned

Zeno.png
Zeno

(Ζήνων, Flavius Zeno)

Zeno Coins.htm

17 November 474 –
9 April 491
Born c.425 at
Zenonopolis
,
Isauria
, originally named
Tarasicodissa. Son-in-law of Leo I, he was bypassed in the succession
because of his barbarian origin. Named co-emperor by his son on 9
February 474, he succeeded upon the death of Leo II. Deposed by
Basiliscus, brother-in-law of Leo, he fled to his native country and
regained the throne in August 476.

Basiliscus.jpg
Basiliscus

(Βασιλίσκος, Flavius Basiliscus)

Basiliscus Coins.htm

9 January 475 –
August 476
General and brother-in-law of Leo I, he seized power
from Zeno but was again deposed by him. Died in 476/477

Anastasius I (emperor).jpg
Anastasius I

(Αναστάσιος Α’, Flavius Anastasius)

BYZANTINE – Anastasius
Coins.htm

11 April 491 –
9 July 518
Born c. 430 at
Dyrrhachium
,
Epirus nova
. A palace official (silentiarius)
and son-in-law of Leo I, he was chosen as emperor by empress-dowager
Ariadne

Justinian Dynasty

Portrait Name Born Reigned Succession Died

Tremissis-Justin I-sb0058.jpg
Justin I

FLAVIVS IVSTINVS AVGVSTVS
c. 450 AD,
Naissus
July 9, 518 AD – August 1, 527 AD Commander of the palace guard under
Anastasius I)
; elected as emperor with
support of army
August 1, 527 AD
Natural causes

Meister von San Vitale in Ravenna 004.jpg

Justinian I

FLAVIVS PETRVS SABBATIVS IVSTINIANVS AVGVSTVS
c. 482 AD,
Tauresium
,
Dardania
August 1, 527 AD – 13/14 November 565 AD Nephew and nominated heir of
Justin I
13/14 November 565 AD
Natural causes

Solidus-Justin II-sb0391.jpg

Justin II

FLAVIVS IVSTINIVS IVNIOR AVGVSTVS
c. 520 AD, ? 13/14 November 565 AD – 578 AD Nephew of
Justinian I
578 AD
Became insane;
Tiberius II Constantine
ruled as regent
from December 574 and became emperor on Justin’s death in 578



Roman Late Monogram Coins.htm



Roman AE4 Coins.htm



 See also


  • Roman Republic

  • Roman Empire

  • Western Roman Empire

  • Byzantine Empire

  • Britannic Empire

  • Gallic Empire

  • List of Roman usurpers

  • Roman usurper

  • Thirty Tyrants (Roman)

 

 


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