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Israel Independence – Aliya and Absorption 1991 Proof Silver 2 Shekel 37mm (28.80 grams) 0.925 Silver (0.8565 oz. ASW) Reference: KM# 219, ICMC# 21136395 | Engravers: Ruben Nutels, Tidhar Dagan, Nathan Karp اسرائيل ISRAEL 1991 ישראל התשנ׳׳א 2 מ NEW SHEQALIM שקלים חדשים, Israel State emblem. 37 והנני מקבצס מכל הארצות ירמיהו לכ I WILL GATHER THEM OUT OF, ALL COUNTRIES Jer. 32:37, Figures of immigrants descending from a 747 airplane. Edge Lettering: “43rd Anniversary of the State of Israel” in ancient Hebrew script.
Coin Notes: The Ingathering of Exiles is the main challenge facing the State of Israel. The supreme importance of this cornerstone of modern Israel found expression in the Declaration of Independence in the “Law of Return” which guarantees every Jew the right of Aliya (ascent) to Israel. The history of modern day return to Zion is replete with the fascinating exploits of the successive Aliyot which began prior to the establishment of the State. Many Jews made Aliya in order to fulfill the Messianic dream. Others were moved by the Zionist vision, while still others fled lands of oppression seeking a safe haven. By 1991, Israel had absorbed over 2 miliion immigrants. The Jewish Agency promoted Aliya, funded the transfer of Jews to Israel, and assisted in their absorption.
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Israel (/ˈɪzriəl, ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل), officially the State of Israelel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel’s economic and technological center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state’s sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition.
<israel has="" evidence="" of="" the="" earliest="" migration="" hominids="" out="" africa.="" canaanite="" tribes="" are="" archaeologically="" attested="" since="" middle="" bronze="" age,="" while="" kingdoms="" israel="" and="" judah="" emerged="" during="" iron="" age.="" neo-assyrian="" empire="" destroyed="" around="" 720="" bce.="" was="" later="" conquered="" by="" babylonian,="" persian="" hellenistic="" empires="" had="" existed="" as="" jewish="" autonomous="" provinces.="" successful="" maccabean="" revolt="" led="" to="" an="" independent="" hasmonean="" kingdom="" 110="" bce,="" which="" in="" 63="" bce="" however="" became="" a="" client="" state="" roman="" republic="" that="" subsequently="" installed="" herodian="" dynasty="" 37="" 6="" ce="" created="" province="" judea.="" judea="" lasted="" until="" failed="" revolts="" resulted="" widespread="" destruction,="" expulsion="" population="" renaming="" region="" from="" Iudaea to Syria Palaestina.[34] Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries. In the 7th century the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099, followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187. The Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt extended its control over the Levant in the 13th century until its defeat by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. During the 19th century, national awakening among Jews led to the establishment of the Zionist movement in the diaspora followed by waves of immigration to Ottoman and later British Palestine.
In 1947, the United Nations adopted a Partition Plan for Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency, and rejected by Arab leaders. The following year, the Jewish Agency declared the independence of the State of Israel, and the subsequent 1948 Arab-Israeli War saw Israel’s establishment over most of the former Mandate territory, while the West Bank and Gaza were held by neighboring Arab states. Israel has since fought several wars with Arab countries, and it has since 1967 occupied territories including the West Bank, Golan Heights and the Gaza Strip (still considered occupied after 2005 disengagement, although some legal experts dispute this claim).).[41][42][43][fn 4] It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank. Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian territories is the world’s longest military occupation in modern times.[fn 4][49] Efforts to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have not resulted in a final peace agreement. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have been signed.
In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy[neutrality is disputed] with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 32nd-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2017. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. Israel has the highest standard of living in the Middle East, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.
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